What are the signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome usually include very high fever (102 to 104 degrees F), irregular pulse, accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia), increased rate of respiration (tachypnea), muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic nervous system dysfunction resulting in high or low blood pressure.

What antipsychotics cause hiccups?

Some drugs, such as aripiprazole, a second-generation antipsychotic, can induce the onset of variable hiccups.

What are the extrapyramidal side effects of chlorpromazine?

Extrapyramidal reactions (e.g., Parkinson-like symptoms, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia), drowsiness, dizziness, skin reactions or rash, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, weight gain.

Can antipsychotics cause muscle stiffness?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and life-threatening reaction to the use of almost any kind of neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medication. It causes a high fever and muscle stiffness.

What are complications of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Complications of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include dehydration from poor oral intake, acute renal failure from rhabdomyolysis, and deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism from rigidity and immobilization. Avoiding antipsychotics can cause complications related to uncontrolled psychosis.

What medications cause hiccups?

In addition, medications such levodopa (Larodopa), nicotine, and ondansetron (Zofran) can cause hiccups. Other medications that can cause hiccups include levodopa, methyldopa (Aldomet), nicotine, ondansetron (Zofran), barbiturates, opioid pain relievers, corticosteroids, anesthesia, or chemotherapy medications.

Can olanzapine cause hiccups?

In the literature, there is one case report of clozapine-induced hiccups, while olanzapine and sertraline were used in the treatment of hiccups in two other cases (5-7).

Why do antipsychotics cause extrapyramidal side effects?

Extrapyramidal symptoms are caused by dopamine blockade or depletion in the basal ganglia; this lack of dopamine often mimics idiopathic pathologies of the extrapyramidal system.

Is akathisia and extrapyramidal symptom?

When you experience extrapyramidal effects, movements that were once voluntary happen without your control. Examples of extrapyramidal effects include: Akathisia: Feeling restless like you can’t sit still.

What are the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugs?

Antipsychotic medications commonly produce extrapyramidal symptoms as side effects. The extrapyramidal symptoms include acute dyskinesias and dystonic reactions, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, akinesia, akathisia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

What should the nurse do if neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurs?

Nonpharmacologic management centers on aggressive supportive care including vigilant nursing, physical therapy, cooling, rehydration, anticoagulation. Pharmacologic interventions include immediate discontinuation of antipsychotics, judicious use of anticholinergics, and adjunctive benzodiazepines.