What is Transtentorial herniation?

A transtentorial herniation is the movement of brain tissue from one intracranial compartment to another. This includes uncal, central, and upward herniation. These are life-threatening and time-critical pathologies that may be reversible with emergent surgical intervention and medical management.

What causes brain stem herniation?

A brain herniation, sometimes described as a cerebral herniation, occurs when brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shift from their normal position inside the skull. The condition is usually caused by swelling from a head injury, stroke, bleeding, or brain tumor.

What causes Subfalcine herniation?

Subfalcine herniation is noted in many conditions that cause an increase in one of the three compartments within the skull: Increased brain volume due to tumor, hemorrhage, or edema. Increased cerebral spinal fluid volume due to hydrocephalus. Increased blood volume due to increased cerebral blood flow.

Can you survive brain herniation?

Outlook (Prognosis) When herniation occurs, it further lowers the chance of recovery. The outlook varies, depending on where in the brain the herniation occurs. Without treatment, death is likely. There can be damage to parts of the brain that control breathing and blood flow.

Which brain herniation is the most life threatening?

Central herniation Downward herniation can stretch branches of the basilar artery (pontine arteries), causing them to tear and bleed, known as a Duret hemorrhage. The result is usually fatal.

How is Subfalcine herniation measured?

The easiest method of evaluating for subfalcine shift is a straight line drawn in the axial plane, at the level of the foramen of Monro, and measuring the distance between this line and the displaced septum pellucidum.

What is a clinical symptom of central herniation?

The clinical syndrome of central herniation classically manifests as a rostral to caudal progression of deficits attributed to brainstem dysfunction, including cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) palsy, diminished level of consciousness, decerebrate or decorticate posturing, rigidity or paralysis, abnormal respiratory …

What causes Cushing Syndrome?

An abnormality of the adrenal glands, such as an adrenal tumor, may cause Cushing’s syndrome. Most of these cases involve non-cancerous tumors called adrenal adenomas, which release excess cortisol into the blood. Adrenocortical carcinomas, or adrenal cancers, are the least common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.

Can Covid cause brain herniation?

We report a case of rapidly progressive cerebral edema and herniation in a patient with COVID-19 associated respiratory failure and ischemic stroke.