How is seismic data interpreted?

Structural seismic interpretation is directed toward the creation of structural maps of the subsurface from the observed three-dimensional configuration of arrival times. Seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation relates the pattern of reflections observed to a model of cyclic episodes of deposition.

What is seismic section in geophysics?

1. n. [Geophysics] A display of seismic data along a line, such a 2D seismic profile or a profile extracted from a volume of 3D seismic data. A seismic section consists of numerous traces with location given along the x-axis and two-way traveltime or depth along the y-axis.

What information does seismic interpretation provide?

Seismic interpretation conveys the geologic meaning of seismic data by extracting subsurface information from it and can be of different kinds, such as structural, stratigraphic and seismic stratigraphy.

How do you identify faults on a seismic section?

When geoscientists interpret seismic data, the most straightforward way to identify a fault is by seeing a significant displacement in a set of seismic reflectors. It does not take a highly trained eye to see the many faults in the New Zealand seismic line if Figure 2.

What is 2D seismic interpretation?

Summary. 2D seismic interpretation is generally complex, relying on 2D auto-tracking and manual picking of major stratigraphic events. Interpreters must extend this process to multiple lines, presenting various resolutions, amplitude ranges and mistie effects.

What is seismic zone3?

Zone 3. This zone is classified as a Moderate Damage Risk Zone which is liable to MSK VII. The IS code assigns a zone factor of 0.16 for Zone 3. Several megacities like Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bhubaneshwar lie in this zone.

What are P and S wave shadow zones?

The shadow zone is the area of the earth from angular distances of 104 to 140 degrees from a given earthquake that does not receive any direct P waves. The shadow zone results from S waves being stopped entirely by the liquid core and P waves being bent (refracted) by the liquid core. View Shadow Zone animation.

What is seismic reflection method?

Seismic Reflection Method. The seismic reflection method uses seismic waves with near-vertical paths to detect impedance contrasts within the crust and upper mantle (Fig. 7). The seismic reflection method provides the highest resolution images of the structure of the crust and Moho.

How do you identify faults in the field geology?

To help identify faults, gravity and magnetic lineaments should be compared with topographic and drainage lineaments. Seismic data and geological studies can help to determine if suspected faults had an influence, primary or secondary, on any play interval.

How do you identify a strike-slip fault?

Detailed Description. Strike-slip faults are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right-lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left-lateral.

What is the difference between 2D and 3D seismic survey?

The number of channels per square km (sq. km) is far higher in 3D at 2,500 than the number of channels per line km (LKM) at 250 only in 2D. This translates into a more concentrated data per block and precise information mapping (visualized as a volume/cube).