What are Avirulence genes?

Avirulence (Avr) genes exist in many fungi that share a gene-for-gene relationship with their host plant. They represent unique genetic determinants that prevent fungi from causing disease on plants that possess matching resistance (R) genes.

What do AVR genes encode?

Viral Avr genes encode for coat proteins, replicase or movement proteins.

What does avirulence mean?

(of organisms) having no virulence, as a result of age, heat, etc.; nonpathogenic. GOOSES.

What are resistant genes?

Ecological definition of antibiotic resistance genes. Genes that are present in organisms that produce particular antibiotics and encode proteins that are capable of specifically detoxifying these compounds have been classically defined as resistance genes36,37.

What is an elicitor in plants?

Elicitors are pathogen signal metabolites, recognized by plant cells, which trigger plant defenses. They are produced either by the pathogen or by plant cell components, such as cell wall, upon hydrolyzing action of the pathogen.

What is basal resistance in plants?

Basal resistance is the ultimately unsuccessful plant defense response to infection with a virulent pathogen. It is thought to be triggered by host recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, with subsequent suppression of particular components by pathogen effectors.

What is vertical and horizontal resistance?

Genetic resistance that is effective at preventing successful attack only by certain races of a pathogen is called specific (or vertical) resistance, whereas resistance that is effective at preventing successful attack by all races of a pathogen is called general (or horizontal) resistance.

What is systemic acquired resistance in plants?

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one such SA-dependent response. SAR is a long distance signaling mechanism that provides broad spectrum and long-lasting resistance to secondary infections throughout the plant. This unique feature makes SAR a highly desirable trait in crop production.