What is neonatal sepsis PDF?

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. It encompasses various systemic infections of the newborn such as septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections.

What are the three types of neonatal sepsis?

Neonatal sepsis may be divided into two types: early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). EONS is typically described as infection and sepsis occurring within the first 24 hours to first week of life [1–3].

What is the conclusion of neonatal sepsis?

Conclusion. In conclusion, manifestations of neonatal sepsis are non-specific. A high index of suspicion with or without lab evidences of infection is the key for early diagnosis. Prompt institution of antibiotic therapy and supportive care will save most of the cases of neonatal sepsis.

What is the pathophysiology of neonatal sepsis?

Mainly caused by ascending infection in the mother with chorioamnionitis, perinatally via direct contact in the birth canal and haematogenous spread. The main micro-organisms associated with EONS include; GBS, E- coli, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, H influenzae and Listeria monocytogenes (4).

What is the management of neonatal sepsis?

The most commonly recommended and used first-line treatment for both early and late onset neonatal sepsis is a beta-lactam antibiotic (most commonly ampicillin, flucloxacillin and penicillin) combined with an aminoglycoside (most commonly gentamicin) [21, 31, 48, 51, 54,55,56,57].

What are some risk factors for neonatal sepsis?

Results: The factors which carried a significant risk for development of neonatal sepsis were premature rupture of membrane (PROM), meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), foul smelling liquor, low birth weight, prematurity and low Apgar score at birth.

What are the complications of neonatal sepsis?

Neonatal sepsis and birth injury

  • Septic shock (dangerously low blood pressure)
  • Neonatal seizures.
  • Apnea/bradycardia.
  • Respiratory distress (which may be difficult to distinguish from respiratory distress syndrome)
  • Feeding issues.
  • Meningitis (infection around the brain and spinal cord)

What are the complication of neonatal sepsis?

The discharge status was classified as: death, inter-hospital transfer, or discharge to the household. The analyzed complications related to sepsis were: presence of shock, coagulation disorder (active bleeding associated with changes in the coagulation test) and sequelae in the central nervous system.

How do you manage neonatal sepsis?

What is the drug of choice for neonatal sepsis?

The antibiotics commonly used to treat neonatal sepsis include ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, erythromycin, and piperacillin.

Why ceftriaxone is not used in neonates?

ceftriaxone is not recommended for use in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia because ceftriaxone displaces bilirubin from albumin binding sites increasing unconjugated plasma concentration. Concurrent administration of ceftriaxone and calcium-containing solutions is contraindicated.