What is the pathophysiology of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

The pathophysiology of ITP is complex and abnormalities of both the B-cell and the T-cell compartments have been identified. The mechanisms of the thrombocytopenia involve both increased platelet destruction and, in a significant proportion of cases, impaired platelet production.

What are the four mechanisms of thrombocytopenia?

There are four primary causes of thrombocytopenia: hypoproliferation (lack of production), sequestration, consumption (utilization), and destruction.

What happens in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a blood disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. A decrease in platelets can result in easy bruising, bleeding gums, and internal bleeding. ITP may be acute and resolve in less than 6 months, or chronic and last longer than 6 months.

What are the three main mechanisms of low platelet counts?

Pathophysiological Mechanisms Leading to Low Platelet Count in Immune Thrombocytopenia

  • Abstract.
  • Introduction.
  • Increased circulating platelet clearance.
  • Increased platelet apoptosis in ITP.
  • Increased loss of sialic acid from platelet glycoproteins in ITP.
  • Impaired platelet production.
  • Megakaryopoiesis in ITP.

What are the classification of thrombocytopenia?

The three main classes of thrombocytopenia are: Platelet destruction such as with an auto-antibody that attaches to the platelet surface. Platelet sequestration such as in someone with a large spleen or with liver disease. Decreased platelet production as occurs in certain bone marrow diseases.

How is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura diagnosed?

How is idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura diagnosed?

  1. Complete blood count (CBC). A measurement of size, number, and maturity of different blood cells in a specific volume of blood (to measure platelets.
  2. Additional blood and urine tests.
  3. Careful review of your medications.

What are the different types of thrombocytopenia?

Types of thrombocytopenia

  • idiopathic (or immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  • thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  • haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS).

Why does thrombocytopenia cause spontaneous bleeding?

Spontaneous bleeding is a clinical hallmark of thrombocytopenia and can take multiple forms including petechiae, epistaxis, gum bleeding, or, in worst cases, intracranial hemorrhage. Those bleeding events are called ” spontaneous ” because they occur in the absence of overt trauma.

What is the cause of thrombocytopenia?

Thrombocytopenia might occur as a result of a bone marrow disorder such as leukemia or an immune system problem. Or it can be a side effect of taking certain medications. It affects both children and adults.

What is purpura and its causes?

They happen when small blood vessels leak blood under your skin’s surface. Purpura isn’t a medical condition but a sign of another condition causing the bleeding. Purpura can also be caused by drug interactions, vitamin deficiencies or congenital disorders. There are many different types of purpura.