What is cationic polyacrylamide?

Cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (PAMs) are a group of water-soluble polymers with a wide range of applications in industry, food processing, agriculture and waste management. One of the major applications for PAM is sludge dewatering in municipal waste water treatment plants (MWWTPs).

Is acrylamide a cationic?

A copolymer of acrylamide (AM) with acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) as the cationic monomer was synthesized under the irradiation of high-pressure mercury lamp with 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V-50) as the photoinitiator.

How do you synthesis polyacrylamide?

Very low molecular weight polyacrylamide was synthesized by free radical polymerization using thioglycolic acid as initiator at moderate temperature (40ºC). The ratio of thioglycolic acid to acrylamide monomer was about 0.02 (g/g) and polyacrylamide with molecular weight of about 20,000 g/mole was produced.

What is anionic polyacrylamide?

Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a kind of polyacryl- amide (PAM) and shows electronegative which contains func- tional groups of sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or carboxylic acid1.

What is cationic polymer used for?

Cationic polymers are used to prepare bioactive coatings that kill bacteria upon contact without the release of any chemicals from the cationic molecules themselves.

What are polyacrylamide used for?

Polyacrylamides are water-soluble synthetic linear polymers made of acrylamide or the combination of acrylamide and acrylic acid. Polyacrylamide finds applications in pulp and paper production, agriculture, food processing, mining, and as a flocculant in wastewater treatment.

What is hydrolyzed polyacrylamide?

The hydrolyzed form of polyacrylamide (HPAM), a co-polymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, is the most widely used anionic PAM in oil and gas development as well as in soil conditioning.

Why polyacrylamide is soluble in water?

Poly(acrylamide) is infinitely soluble in water. In a way this is counterintuitive because we are accustomed to thinking of a polymer solution as consisting of a polymer dissolved in some small molecule substance….Properties of Acrylamide Monomer.

sight white, solid crystals
solubility in water 215 g/ 100 ml at 30 deg C

Is polyacrylamide cationic or anionic?

Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and its sodium salt are anionic polymers which are more effective as flocculant and water absorber. Very few other polyacrylamides have found industrial applications.

What is the difference between acrylamide and polyacrylamide?

Acrylamide and Polyacrylamide are two amide molecules, but acrylamide is a single molecule and Polyacrylamide is a polymer (a large molecule which is formed by monomers) which is produced from the monomers (a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer) of acrylamide.

What is the difference between anionic and cationic polymerization?

Anionic polymerization reactions are initiated by an active anionic species, whereas the cationic polymerization reactions are initiated by an active cationic species. This is the key difference between anionic and cationic polymerization. Both these polymerization reactions are sensitive to the solvent used.