What are the impurities added to p-type and n-type materials?

The two categories of impurities are n-type and p-type. To increase the number of conduction-band electrons in intrinsic silicon, pentavalent impurity atoms are added. These are atoms with five valence electrons such as arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), bismuth (Bi), and antimony (Sb).

What is p-type and n-type impurities?

The majority carriers in a p-type semiconductor are holes. In an n-type semiconductor, pentavalent impurity from the V group is added to the pure semiconductor. Examples of pentavalent impurities are Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth etc. The pentavalent impurities provide extra electrons and are termed as donor atoms.

What impurities are in p-type?

Semiconductors like germanium or silicon doped with any of the trivalent atoms like boron, indium or gallium are called p-type semiconductors. The impurity atom is surrounded by four silicon atoms. It provides the atoms to fill only three covalent bonds as it has only three valence electrons.

Which type of impurity is used in n-type semiconductor?

An n-type semiconductor is an intrinsic semiconductor doped with phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), or antimony (Sb) as an impurity.

What type of impurity is added to obtain n-type and p-type semiconductor?

What type of impurity is added to obtained N-type and P-type semi-conductor? Solution : N-type semiconductor is obtained when pentavalent impurity is added in the germanium or silicon crystal. P-type semiconductor is obtained when trivalent impurity is added in the germanium or silicon crystal.

What is pentavalent and trivalent impurities?

Pentavalent impurities Impurity atoms with 5 valence electrons produce n-type semiconductors by contributing extra electrons. Trivalent impurities Impurity atoms with 3 valence electrons produce p-type semiconductors by producing a “hole” or electron deficiency.

What is a p-type material and an n-type material?

p-type and n-type materials are simply semiconductors, such as silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge), with atomic impurities; the type of impurity present determines the type of the semiconductor.

What is the basic difference between p-type and n-type semiconductor?

In N-type semiconductor, electrons are majority carriers and holes are minority carriers. In P-type semiconductor, holes are majority carriers and electrons are minority carriers. In these substances, majority carriers move from high to low potential. The majority carrier moves from less to high potential.

Which impurity is used for p-type semiconductor?

p− type semiconductor are made by adding impurity element because boron is a trivalent impurity.

What type of impurity is added to n-type and p-type semiconductor?

Solution : For N-type semiconductor, pentavalent impurities like Arsenic, Antimony and for P-type semiconductor, trivalent impurities like gallium, indium etc, are used.

What impurity is added to obtain n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor?

Solution : N-type semiconductor is obtained when pentavalent impurity is added in the germanium or silicon crystal. P-type semiconductor is obtained when trivalent impurity is added in the germanium or silicon crystal.

What is trivalent and pentavalent impurities?