What is Y-factor method?

The Y-factor method is a widely used technique for measuring the gain and noise temperature of an amplifier. It is based on the Johnson–Nyquist noise of a resistor at two different, known temperatures.

How is noise factor calculated?

Noise factor: The noise factor can be derived simply by taking the SNR at the input and dividing it by the SNR at the output. As the SNR at the output will always be worse, i.e. lower, this means that the noise factor is always greater than one.

What Does the noise figure NF specify?

Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), caused by components in a signal chain. It is a number by which the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver can be specified, with lower values indicating better performance.

What is K factor and Y factor?

K factor is a ratio between the distance from the neutral bend line to the inside bend radius and the material thickness. K factor uses the formula K factor = δ/T. Y factor uses the formula Y factor = K factor * (Π/2). The default value for Y factor is 0.50.

How is noise temperature calculated?

Specifically, the noise temperature is defined by T = N/kB, where N is the noise power within bandwidth B, and k = 1.38 × 10-23J K-1 is Boltzmann’s constant.

What is the noise figure of an attenuator?

The Noise Figure of a passive attenuator is the attenuation value of the attenuator. This is because noise figure is by definition the difference in the SNR of the output and the SNR of the input, with the input terminated with the characteristic impedance of the system (typically 50 ohms).

What is Y factor in bending?

The length of the neutral bend line is equal to the developed length. K factor is a ratio between the distance from the neutral bend line to the inside bend radius and the material thickness. K factor uses the formula K factor = δ/T. Y factor uses the formula Y factor = K factor * (Π/2).

What is K-factor?

The K factor is defined as the ratio between the material thickness (T) and the neutral fibre axis (t), i.e. the part of the material that bends without being compressed nor elongated. Bend allowance is a fundamental parameter to calculate sheet elongation.

How do you calculate GT?

In this case the Gain (G) referenced to the input to the LNB is = Antenna gain (dBi) minus Waveguide loss (dB). System noise temperature (T) is as per the calculation above, referenced to the input to the LNB. G/T = Gain in dBi – 10 log ( system noise temperature T ).