Why are dentinal tubules S shaped?

The “s”-shaped curvature of dentinal tubules indicates the course taken by the odontoblasts during dentinogenesis. This “s”-shaped curvature results from crowding of the odontoblasts as they move from the periphery toward the center of the pulp.

What is the shape of dentinal tubules?

From the outer surface of the dentin to the area nearest the pulp, these tubules follow an S-shaped path. The diameter and density of the tubules are greatest near the pulp.

What do dentinal tubules contain?

The dentin tubules contain an arm-like soft tissue extension, the odontoblast process, and fluid composed mainly of various proteins.

What are dentinal tubules?

Dentinal tubules are the means by which the pulp and mineralised tissues surrounding the dentine (enamel and cementum) communicate. Through these tubules external agents can damage the pulp and subsequently the periodontal ligament.

How dentinal tubules are formed?

Mesenchymal cell differentiation into odontoblasts determines dentin tubule formation in the prospective dentin. Dentin and tubule formation is accomplished by proteins secreted from odontoblasts into the extracellular space. These events are followed by mineralization [12].

How many dentinal tubules are there?

From the literature analysis, observing the coronal part of the dentin layer close to the pulp, the dentinal tubules number was 65,000–45,000/mm2; this number was higher if compared to the outer dentin areas (15,000–20,000/mm2) [9, 10].

What does dentine look like?

It is yellow and looks much like the tooth enamel. However, since enamel is nearly transparent, it is the dentin that is thought to give colour to the tooth. Within the dentin lie microscopic channels called the dentinal tubules.

What is open dentinal tubules?

Dentinal tubules are tiny tubules that run from the inside of the tooth (the pulp chamber) out through the hard dentin and end beneath the enamel. They’re far too small to see, and if your teeth are healthy they’re also covered by enamel.

How does dentinogenesis start?

Dentinogenesis is initiated by the inductive influence of the enamel organ involving molecular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Runx-2, and TGF-β. In the molar tooth, dentinogenesis starts at the late bell stage, and occurs in the crown as well as root regions.