Where is nitrate reductase found in plants?

In eukaryotic algae and photosynthetic tissues of higher plants, nitrate reductase appears to be located either in the cytoplasm or loosely bound to the outer envelope of chloroplasts.

What does nitrate reductase do in plants?

Nitrate reductase (NR) is the key enzyme for nitrogen assimilation in plant cells and also works as an important enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO), which then regulates plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

How the activity of nitrate reductase is regulated?

NR activity is tightly regulated by environmental factors such as light, nitrogen, and carbon availability. Reversible inactivation of plant NR depends on phosphorylation status and binding of a 14-3-3 protein (Bachmann et al., 1996; Moorhead et al., 1996; Lillo et al., 1997; Kaiser et al., 2002; MacKintosh, 2004).

What is the function of nitrogen reductase?

Abstract. Nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6. 6.1-3) catalyzes NAD(P)H reduction of nitrate to nitrite. NR serves plants, algae, and fungi as a central point for integration of metabolism by governing flux of reduced nitrogen by several regulatory mechanisms.

Which element is required for nitrate reductase activity is?

So, the correct answer is ‘Molybdenum’

What is the substrate for nitrite reductase?

The molybdenum cofactor of simplified nitrate reductase accomplishes nitrate (substrate) reduction to nitrite. Nitrate binds to the reduced molybdenum (Mo(IV)), causing the oxygen closest to molybdenum to attack the metal center.

What are the functional difference between nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase?

Nitrate reductase is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in energy conservation, whereas nitrite reductase is a cytosolic enzyme involved in NADH reoxidation. The absence of oxygen and the presence of nitrate and/or nitrite induce nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities.

Is nitrate reduction aerobic or anaerobic?

anaerobic respiration
Reduction of nitrate is generally an anaerobic respiration in which an organism derives its oxygen from nitrate.

What is the chemical reaction catalyzed by nitrate reductase?

15.2. 2.1 Nitrate reduction. Nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzes the first reaction in nitrate assimilation, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Nitrate reductase requires molybdenum (Mo) as cofactor.

What process converts nitrates into nitrogen gas?

Denitrification
Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, thus removing bioavailable nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere.

What is nitrate assimilation?

NITRATE assimilation is one of the two major biological processes by which inorganic nitrogen is converted to ammonia and thence to organic nitrogen.

What class of enzyme is nitrate reductase?

Prokaryotic. Prokaryotic nitrate reductases belong to the DMSO reductase family of molybdoenzymes and have been classified into three groups, assimilatory nitrate reductases (Nas), respiratory nitrate reductase (Nar), and periplasmic nitrate reductases (Nap).