What is Tumour induced osteomalacia?

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare and fascinating paraneoplastic syndrome in which patients present with bone pain, fractures, and muscle weakness. The cause is high blood levels of the recently identified phosphate and vitamin D-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).

What is tumor induced rickets?

Tumor-induced osteomalacia/rickets (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder caused by overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) from the responsible tumors. 1,2. FGF23 is a hormone associated with decreased resorption of phosphate that causes hyperphosphaturia, leading to osteomalacia or rickets.

Can cancer cause osteomalacia?

The majority of tumors that cause Oncogenic osteomalacia are small and slow-growing. These tumors most commonly occur in the skin, muscles, or bones of the extremities or in the paranasal sinuses around the head. Most of these tumors are benign, meaning they are not associated with cancer.

Which is associated with rickets?

A lack of vitamin D or calcium is the most common cause of rickets. Vitamin D largely comes from exposing the skin to sunlight, but it’s also found in some foods, such as oily fish and eggs. Vitamin D is essential for the formation of strong and healthy bones in children.

What are the symptoms of osteomalacia?

The most common symptoms of osteomalacia are pain in the bones and hips, bone fractures, and muscle weakness. Patients can also have difficulty walking.

What is Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia?

Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (HO) is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by low concentrations of serum phosphate levels, which leads to reduced mineralization of the bone matrix (1). It may affect individuals of all ages and either gender.

Can cancer cause low phosphate levels?

Hypophosphatemia, defined as serum phosphorus ˂2.5 mg/dL, is a common occurrence in cancer patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Phosphorus is essential for the normal physiologic function of all cells and its homeostasis is frequently interrupted by cancer and cancer therapy.

What causes osteomalacia?

Osteomalacia develops most commonly due to a vitamin D deficiency (often from not getting enough sunlight), or less frequently, due to a digestive or kidney disorder. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and for maintaining bone health. These disorders can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb vitamins.

How is osteomalacia diagnosed?

A simple blood test is all that’s needed to make the diagnosis – the levels of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are easily measured. Blood tests for the following also help to make the diagnosis: Alkaline phosphatase, which is a substance made by the cells that make bone.

What is the most common soft tissue tumor?

Liposarcoma – The most common form of soft tissue tumors, this form originates in fat cells and is most commonly diagnosed in adults over the age of 40.