What is thyrotoxicosis PDF?

Thyrotoxicosis is the clinical manifestation of excess thyroid hormone action at the tissue level due to inappropriately high circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. Hyperthyroidism, a subset of thyrotoxicosis, refers specifically to excess thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion by the thyroid gland.

What are the three types of thyrotoxicosis?

There are several forms of hyperthyroidism, including:

  • Graves’ disease (diffuse toxic goiter). Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
  • Toxic nodular goiter (also called multinodular goiter).
  • Thyroiditis.

What are the features of thyrotoxicosis?

Symptoms of overt thyrotoxicosis include heat intolerance, palpitations, anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, and, in women, irregular menses. Clinical findings may include tremor, tachycardia, lid lag, and warm moist skin.

What is the difference between hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis?

Hyperthyroidism is characterised by increased thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the thyroid gland, whereas thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome of excess circulating thyroid hormones, irrespective of the source.

What is pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism?

Pathophysiology. The pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism depends on the particular variant of hyperthyroidism. In the case of Graves disease, the underlying cause is autoimmune, particularly the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that bind to the TSH receptor and mimic the effects of TSH.

What is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis?

The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Graves disease (50-60% of cases). Graves disease is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder characterized by a variety of circulating antibodies, including common autoimmune antibodies, as well as anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies.

What are the complications of thyrotoxicosis?

If not adequately treated, thyrotoxicosis can lead to serious complications including delirium, altered mental status, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure (CHF), thromboembolic disease, cardiovascular collapse, and death [2].

What causes thyrotoxicosis?

In thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis is caused by the release of preformed thyroid hormone into the circulation as inflammation destroys thyroid follicles. This causes transient thyrotoxicosis that most often self-resolves.

What is difference between hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis?

What is thyrotoxicosis pathophysiology?

Pathophysiology. Thyrotoxicosis results from thyroid hormone excess either from endogenous over-secretion of T3 and T4 or from exogenous ingestion of synthetic thyroid hormone.