What is the taxonomic assumption?

in language development, the tendency of children to suppose that a novel word that refers to one thing also refers to similar things (rather than thematically related things).

What is an example of shape bias?

For example, put many different cups, plates, and spoons in a large opaque (non-transparent) container out of your baby’s view. The cups should vary in color, size, material, and design. The plates and spoons should also vary greatly in many ways, but the spoons, plates, and cups should have similar shapes.

What is mutual exclusivity in language?

Mutual exclusivity is a word learning constraint that involves the tendency to assign one label/name, and in turn avoid assigning a second label, to a single object.

Which term refers to the assumption that a new word will refer to other objects in the same category?

taxonomic assumption. A language-specific principal that helps accurate word extension. Holds that words refer to things that are of the same kind.

What is taxonomic chauvinism?

Taxonomic bias, also referred to as taxonomic chauvinism9, is pervasive in biodiversity research. This bias stems from disparities in our knowledge of different organisms, and in the extent to which they are the focus of scientific research, across a wide range of biological disciplines.

What are the basic principles of taxonomy?

Taxonomy is the branch of biological systematics that is concerned with naming of organisms (according to a set of rules developed for the process), identification (referring specimens to previously named taxa), and classification (ordering taxa into an encaptic hierarchy based on perceived characters).

What is shape bias in psychology?

The shape bias is a principle or strategy that children utilize during language acquisition to rapidly learn new nouns. This bias is exhibited when a child extends the name of an object to new objects of the same shape rather than other characteristics such as color or texture (Diesendruck et al., 2003).

What is whole object constraint?

Three such constraints are discussed: (1) the whole-object assumption which leads children to infer that terms refer to objects as a whole rather than to their parts, substance, color, or other properties; (2) the taxonomic assumption which leads children to extend words to objects or entities of like kind; and (3) the …

What is mutually exclusive examples?

Mutually exclusive events are events that can not happen at the same time. Examples include: right and left hand turns, even and odd numbers on a die, winning and losing a game, or running and walking. Non-mutually exclusive events are events that can happen at the same time.

What is an example of syntactic bootstrapping?

An early demonstration by Naigles (1990) of syntactic bootstrapping involved showing 2-year-olds a video of a duck using its left hand to push a rabbit down into a squatting position while both the animals wave their right arms in circles. Children were then presented two distinct follow-up videos.

What is the difference between syntactic and semantic bootstrapping?

Pinker makes the critical distinction that semantic bootstrapping seeks to answer how children can learn syntax and grammar while the syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis is only concerned with how children learn verb meanings.

What is taxonomic diversity?

Taxonomic diversity, which we define as the mean and variance of the number of species per genus, and species per family, has long been suspected to exert a strong influence on the performance of higher taxon methods (Gaston and Williams 1993, Williams and Gaston 1994).

What is taxonomic bias in science?

Taxonomic bias in science has long been recognized 10, 18, 19 but its origin is less clear. Obviously, some organisms are more difficult to study than others because they live in remote habitats, are local endemics or are microscopic and difficult to identify 20.

What is an example of biased language?

Examples of Biased Language. Be sensitive to the feelings of the opposite sex, minorities, and special interest groups says Cengage: Don’t emphasize differences by separating society into “we” and “they” by singling out minorities, particular genders, or groups of people such as those with disabilities and senior citizens.

Is there a bias in the scientific literature?

Yet, most species remain unknown or unstudied, while others attract most of the public, scientific and government attention. Although known to be detrimental, this taxonomic bias continues to be pervasive in the scientific literature, but is still poorly studied and understood.

How do you avoid biased language in technical writing?

Biased language can defeat your purpose by damaging your credibility, say Gerald J. Alred, Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu in their “Handbook of Technical Writing.”. They add: “The easiest way to avoid bias is simply not to mention differences among people unless the differences are relevant to the discussion.