What is the purpose of stress granules?

Stress granules (SGs) are phase-separated, membraneless, cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assemblies whose primary function is to promote cell survival by condensing translationally stalled mRNAs, ribosomal components, translation initiation factors, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).

How are stress granules formed?

Stress granules form through interactions between mRNA binding proteins that link together populations of mRNPs. Interactions promoting stress granule formation include conventional protein-protein interactions, as well as interactions involving intrinsically disordered regions of proteins.

What are stress granules made of?

Stress granules are dense aggregations in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress. The RNA molecules stored are stalled translation pre-initiation complexes: failed attempts to make protein from mRNA.

How do you isolate stress granules?

In brief, the approach used is that stress granules are first isolated from stressed cultures and enriched using centrifugation. Stress granules are further purified using immunoprecipitation with antibodies against known stress granule components.

What are P-bodies?

Processing bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules primarily composed of translationally repressed mRNAs and proteins related to mRNA decay, suggesting roles in post-transcriptional regulation. P-bodies are conserved in eukaryotic cells and exhibit properties of liquid droplets.

Where are P-bodies located?

cell cytoplasm
P-bodies are dynamic ribonucleoprotein granules found in the cell cytoplasm. They are primarily composed of translationally repressed mRNAs and proteins associated with mRNA decay machinery.

What are germ granules?

Abstract. “Germ granules” are cytoplasmic, nonmembrane-bound organelles unique to germline. Germ granules share components with the P bodies and stress granules of somatic cells, but also contain proteins and RNAs uniquely required for germ cell development.

What do P-bodies do?