What is the pharmacological class of metoclopramide?

Metoclopramide is in a class of medications called prokinetic agents. It works by speeding the movement of food through the stomach and intestines.

What is the pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide?

Metoclopramide is rapidly and well absorbed. Relative to an intravenous dose of 20 mg, the absolute oral bioavailability of metoclopramide is 80% ± 15.5% as demonstrated in a crossover study of 18 subjects. Peak plasma concentrations occur at about 1 to 2 hr after a single oral dose.

What is the trade name for metoclopramide?

Metoclopramide oral tablet is available as both a generic and brand-name drugs. Brand names: Reglan and Metozolv ODT. Metoclopramide also comes in an oral solution as well as injectable forms that are only given to you by a healthcare provider.

What is the nursing consideration for metoclopramide?

Nursing considerations – Assess for extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia (more likely in older patients). – Assess for gastrointestinal complaints, such as nausea, vomiting and constipation. – In oral administration, for better absorption allow 30 minutes to one hour before eating.

What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide?

Metoclopramide causes antiemetic effects by inhibiting dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) located in the area postrema of the brain.

Is metoclopramide an anticholinergic?

Metoclopramide is a procainamide derivative that is a peripheral cholinergic agonist and a central dopamine receptor antagonist. An intravenous dose of metoclopramide 10 mg increases lower esophageal sphincter tone and reduces gastric volume by increasing gastric peristalsis.

How is metoclopramide metabolized?

Metoclopramide is partially metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. It is primarily metabolized via the CYP2D6 isoform and to a lesser extent by CYP3A and CYP1A2. Oral bioavailability ranges from 30 to 100%, while approximately 20–30% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine.

What is contraindication of metoclopramide?

Metoclopramide is contraindicated in patients with depression because it can cause major depressive disorder.[34] It is contraindicated in patients with seizures because it lowers the seizure threshold and can result in longer and more frequent seizures.[3] It is contraindicated in patients with depression and …

How does metoclopramide work as an antiemetic?

Metoclopramide (Reglan) The antiemetic action of metoclopramide is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the central nervous system. This action prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by most stimuli.

Is metoclopramide a serotonin antagonist?

Mechanism of Action. Metoclopramide is principally a dopamine D2 antagonist but also acts as an agonist on serotonin 5-HT4 receptors and causes weak inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors.