What is the function of PPAR-alpha?

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. PPAR-alpha regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and is a major regulator of energy homeostasis.

What are the benefits of PPAR?

Treatment with PPAR agonists can reduce the burden of atherogenic postprandial lipoproteins and improve vascular function, reduce inflammation and inhibit foam cell formation. All of these would be expected to have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk.

How do I activate my PPAR-alpha?

PPAR-α can be also activated by synthetic ligands such as hypolipidemic drugs that include bezafibrate, fenofibrate, clofibrate, and Wy14643 that induce up- and downregulation of expression of several genes involved in β-oxidation and lipid metabolism (10, 37).

What do PPARs do?

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis.

Where are PPAR-alpha receptors?

Tissue distribution In rodents, highest mRNA expression levels of PPAR-alpha are found in liver and brown adipose tissue, followed by heart and kidney. Lower PPAR-alpha expression levels are found in small and large intestine, skeletal muscle and adrenal gland.

What is PPARs for?

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which play an important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth.

Where are Ppars found?

Subtypes of PPAR Receptors PPARα is highly expressed in the muscle, heart, kidney, liver, and small and large intestine, being a target of fibrate hypolipidemic drugs implicated mainly in the catabolism of fatty acids and their oxidation (Issemann et al., 1993; Schoonjans et al., 1996).

How do PPAR agonists work?

PPAR-gamma agonists Known inhibitors include the experimental agent GW-9662. They are also used in treating hyperlipidaemia in atherosclerosis. Here they act by increasing the expression of ABCA1, which transports extra-hepatic cholesterol into HDL. Increased uptake and excretion from the liver therefore follows.

Where are PPARs found?

Where are PPAR alpha receptors located?

What is the function of PPAR alpha in anticonvulsants?

PPAR-alpha may also be a site of action of certain anticonvulsants. PPAR-α governs biological processes by altering the expression of a large number of target genes. Accordingly, the functional role of PPAR-alpha is directly related to the biological function of its target genes.

How do you activate PPAR alpha naturally?

Omega-6/Linoleic acid metabolites/ Arachidonic acid, as well as other polyunsaturated fatty acids, are the main ways we naturally activate PPAR alpha [ 1 ]. This is probably why omega-6’s have some benefits in various studies.

What is the pharmaceutical target of the PPAR-α gene?

PPAR-α is the pharmaceutical target of fibrates, a class of drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Fibrates effectively lower serum triglycerides and raises serum HDL -cholesterol levels.

What happens if you don’t have PPAR alpha?

Mice lacking PPAR-alpha also have an impaired response to fasting, characterized by major metabolic perturbations including low plasma levels of ketone bodies, hypoglycemia, and fatty liver. PPAR-α is the pharmaceutical target of fibrates, a class of drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia.