What is the function of endothelin-1?

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, mainly secreted by endothelial cells. It acts through two types of receptors: ETA and ETB. Apart from a vasoconstrictive action, ET-1 causes fibrosis of the vascular cells and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species.

How does endothelin regulate kidney function?

In the kidney, endothelin may function as a paracrine-autocrine factor in the regulation of renal blood flow, glomerular hemodynamics, and sodium and water homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that circulating endothelin may play an important role in renal regulation in cardiorenal states of endothelin activation.

What does endothelin do to GFR?

Endothelin infusion produced a significant, dose-dependent decrease in GFR of the IPK, contrasting with an increase in GFR during AII infusion and a minimal effect of NA on GFR.

Is endothelin-1 a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases vascular tone in the resistance vessels of subjects with hypertension.

Does endothelin increase renal blood flow?

Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism Reduces Blood Pressure and Increases Renal Blood Flow in Hypertensive Patients With Chronic Renal Failure | Circulation.

Is endothelin 1 a hormone?

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a paracrine or autocrine hormone that is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells in the direction of VSM cells [1002]. The 21-amino acid peptide was discovered in 1985 [1003] and isolated and cloned in 1988 [1004].

Where does endothelin come from?

Endothelin is a 21-amino acid long peptide that is a vasoconstrictor produced from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), macrophages, and the renal medulla. They are known to produce endothelin-1 (ET-1) that acts on the receptors ETA and ETB.

Is histamine a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Histamine is a potent vasodilator.

What is endothelin system?

In the lungs, the endothelin system regulates the tone of airways and blood vessels, and it is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension. In the kidney, it controls water and sodium excretion and acid-base balance, and it participates in acute and chronic renal failure.

What stimulates endothelin 1 release?

Endothelin Biosynthesis ET-1 formation and release are stimulated by angiotensin II (AII), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), thrombin, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and shearing forces acting on the vascular endothelium.

Is endothelin 1 a vasodilator?

Endothelin is known to cause vasodilation by activating endothelial ETB-receptors and release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin [10, 11].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VabNgLpfNnk