What is the descending inhibitory system?

The descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) constitutes a network of widely distributed brain regions whose integrated function is essential for effective modulation of sensory input to the central nervous system and behavioural responses to pain.

What is descending analgesia system?

The descending pain pathway is a critical modulator of nociception and plays an important role in mediating endogenous and exogenous opioid-induced analgesia. Because of this, it is highly implicated in allostatic cellular and molecular changes following repeated opioid use that lead to the development of tolerance.

What is descending serotonergic pathway?

The descending serotonergic pathways originate from the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), which is one of the rich-5-HT nuclei (Millan, 2002; Boadas-Vaello et al., 2016). The locus coeruleus (LC) which can release the NA into the SDH, constitutes the source of descending noradrenergic pathways (Jones, 1991).

What are descending pathways?

Descending pathways are groups of myelinated nerve fibers that carry motor information from the brain or brainstem to effector’s muscles, via the spinal cord. They can be functionally divided into two groups: Pyramidal (voluntary) and extrapyramidal (involuntary) tracts.

What is ascending and descending pain pathways?

The pathway that goes upward carrying sensory information from the body via the spinal cord towards the brain is defined as the ascending pathway, whereas the nerves that goes downward from the brain to the reflex organs via the spinal cord is known as the descending pathway.

What are the descending pathways?

Where does the descending pain pathway start?

It begins in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), an area of grey matter in the midbrain that is involved in a descending pain control pathway.

What are Monoaminergic systems?

Monoaminergic systems, i.e., the networks of neurons that use monoamine neurotransmitters, are involved in the regulation of processes such as emotion, arousal, and certain types of memory.

Is GABA A monoamine neurotransmitter?

The SLC6 transporter family are transporters for monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, γ-amino butyric acid dopamine, norepinephrine and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glycine.

What are the three descending tracts?

The largest, the corticospinal tract, originates in broad regions of the cerebral cortex. Smaller descending tracts, which include the rubrospinal tract, the vestibulospinal tract, and the reticulospinal tract, originate in nuclei in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Which are descending spinal tracts?

Descending tracts are the pathways by which motor signals are sent from the brain to the spinal cord. They are also called motor tracts, due to their involvement in movement coordination. These tracts can be classified by their structural arrangement, into lateral and medial tracts.