What is the cause of erosion at the Happisburgh coast?

In winter, erosion caused by groundwater as seen in the gullying of the cliff face, coupled with increased seasonal storminess, causes small-scale, frequent, shallow landsliding in the Happisburgh Sand Member.

How is erosion being managed at the Happisburgh coast?

Management strategies used at Happisburgh Happisburgh is protected by a wooden groynes, wooden revetments (now badly damaged) and rock armour. Coastal management at Happisburgh has tried to make the beach wider by using groynes, and also uses a sea wall to protect the coast.

Why was Happisburgh affected so badly by erosion?

Sea Defences at Happisburgh Sea defences were built in 1959 to slow the erosion. Changes in government policy mean that coastal protection in Happisburgh is no longer fundable from central government. The road (Beach Road) that leads into the sea is being steadily eroded.

What are the 4 types of coastal erosion in geography?

Destructive waves erode through four main processes; Hydraulic Action, Compression, Abrasion and Attrition.

What has happened in Happisburgh?

Happisburgh has lost land to the sea throughout the centuries. The rate of erosion has been erratic – at times large areas have disappeared overnight, and at others the cliff has remained virtually the same for some years.

What is the geology of Happisburgh?

GEOLOGY. The cliffs at Happisburgh range in height from 6 to 10 m and are composed of a layer-cake sequence of several glacial tills separated by beds of stratified silt, clay and sand. The basal unit within the stratigraphic succession at Happisburgh is the How Hill Member of the Wroxham Crag Formation.

What is Happisburgh famous for?

Happisburgh Lighthouse is the oldest working light in East Anglia, and the only independently run lighthouse in Great Britain.

What are the 5 processes of coastal erosion?

There are five main processes which cause coastal erosion. These are corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and corrosion/solution. Corrasion is when waves pick up beach material (e.g. pebbles) and hurl them at the base of a cliff.

Why is coastal erosion a problem in East Anglia?

The coastline of the whole region is comprised of soft sediments, making it vulnerable to erosion. In Norfolk and Suffolk there is a mix of cliffs and low-lying coastal habitats (open coast dune, shingle-ridge systems and estuary-based salt marshes).

Is Happisburgh falling into the sea?

The rate at which Happisburgh is being lost to the sea is increasing, but the village is not just being attacked by the waves – surface water running off the land is also causing the cliffs to crumble. The village in North Norfolk, has long been facing the threat of coastal erosion and climate change.

How do you pronounce Happisburgh in Norfolk?

Happisburgh, in Norfolk, pronounced Haze-borough. Nominated by Ian McRobert. “Always a little sad that it is not pronounced with the word ‘happy’ in it,” said Emily Goddard.