What is the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck anterior to the trachea. Its hormones regulate basal metabolism, oxygen use, nutrient metabolism, the production of ATP, and calcium homeostasis.

What is the anatomy of the thyroid?

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits low on the front of the neck. Your thyroid lies below your Adam’s apple, along the front of the windpipe. The thyroid has two side lobes, connected by a bridge (isthmus) in the middle. When the thyroid is its normal size, you can’t feel it.

What are the 4 functions of the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate controlling heart, muscle and digestive function, brain development and bone maintenance. Its correct functioning depends on a good supply of iodine from the diet.

What is the physiology of thyroid hormones?

Thyroid hormone affects virtually every organ system in the body, including the heart, CNS, autonomic nervous system, bone, GI, and metabolism. In general, when the thyroid hormone binds to its intranuclear receptor, it activates the genes for increasing metabolic rate and thermogenesis.

What is the hormones of thyroid gland?

Your thyroid makes 2 main hormones – triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Adequate amounts of iodine (a chemical element that’s an essential part of our diet) are needed for the thyroid to be able to make these hormones. Another hormone that’s produced in your thyroid gland is called calcitonin.

What is thyroid gland made of?

[5] The thyroid follicles are the structural and functional units of a thyroid gland. These are spherical, and the wall is made up of a large number of cuboidal cells, the follicular cells. These follicular cells are the derivates of the endoderm and secrete thyroid hormone.

What are the 3 main parts of the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland lies in the front of your neck in a position just below your Adam’s apple. It is made up of two lobes – the right lobe and the left lobe, each about the size of a plum cut in half – and these two lobes are joined by a small bridge of thyroid tissue called the isthmus.

What are T3 and T4?

T3 is one of two major hormones made by your thyroid, a small, butterfly-shaped gland located near the throat. The other hormone is called thyroxine (T4.) T3 and T4 work together to regulate how your body uses energy.

What is the thyroid gland made of?

What is the functional unit of the thyroid gland?

The functional unit of the thyroid gland is the follicle, a roughly spherical group of cells arranged around a protein-rich storage material called colloid. The follicular cells are orientated with their bases near the capillary blood supply and the apices abutting the colloid.