What is Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia?

The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) that was developed in 1990 is a 17 item scale originally developed to measure the fear of movement related to chronic lower back pain.

How is the Tampa scale 11 scored?

Items on the TSK-11 are scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Thus, total TSK-11 scores range from 11–44 points with higher scores indicating greater fear of pain, movement, and injury. Pain catastrophizing was assessed with the 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS).

How do you treat Kinesiophobia?

Massage therapy—manual manipulation may prove quite effective for certain kinesiophobia patients. Not only can manual manipulation help resolve scar tissue and tense muscles, but there is a definite euphoria associated with this therapy that can help mitigate any lingering pain and fear.

What is the pain anxiety symptom scale?

The PASS-20 is a 20-item self-report measure to assess pain-related anxiety. The scale contains four subscales: cognitive anxiety, escape/avoidance behaviors, fear of pain, and physiological symptoms of anxiety. Each item is rated on a six-point scale ranging from 0 (never) to 5 (always).

What is the meaning of kinesiophobia?

Kinesiophobia is the fear of pain due to movement.

How do you manage pain catastrophizing?

Surprisingly, the results showed that not only interventions designed to target pain catastrophizing (such as cognitive restructuring in CBT) reduced pain catastrophizing but also other types of treatment approach, such as physical exercise or combination of CBT and physical exercise.

What does the brief pain inventory include?

The Brief Pain Inventory. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) rapidly assesses the severity of pain and its impact on functioning. The BPI has been translated into dozens of languages, and it is widely used in both research and clinical settings.

What is catastrophizing a symptom of?

Catastrophizing is associated with depression as well as anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), PTSD, and OCD. A 2015 study looked at 2,802 teenagers and found that those who tended to catastrophize were more likely to have anxiety disorders.

What is a high score on the pain catastrophizing scale?

People are asked to indicate the degree to which they have the above thoughts and feelings when they are experiencing pain using the 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time) scale. A total score is yielded (ranging from 0-52), along with three subscale scores assessing rumination, magnification and helplessness.

What is a BPI score?

The BPI measures how much pain has interfered with seven daily activities, including general activity, walking, work, mood, enjoyment of life, relations with others, and sleep. BPI pain interference is typically scored as the mean of the seven interference items.