What is ST131?

E. coli ST131 belongs to phylogenetic group B2, which includes both strains responsible for extraintestinal infections (11) and the strains most frequently isolated from the feces of asymptomatic humans (12, 13). The phylogeny of E. coli reported by Le Gall et al.

How was ST131 identified?

Isolates belonging to ST131 were identified by PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and then characterized for antibiotic resistance, CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, O types, phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and PFGE patterns.

Which of the following is an example of a bacterial factor that has been shown to promote the development and spread of drug resistance in bacteria?

Which of the following is an example of a bacterial factor that has been shown to promote the development and spread of drug-resistance in bacteria? Inter- and intra-species horizontal genes transfer of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes. Binds a subunit of RNA polymerase – Rifampin.

Is antibiotic resistance a virulence factor?

Therefore, although antibiotic resistance is not in itself a virulence factor, in certain situations it is a key factor in development of infection, and it may be considered a virulence-like factor in specific ecological niches which antibiotic-resistant bacteria are able to colonize.

What is sequence type for E coli?

Escherichia coli sequence types (STs) 69, 73, 95, and 131 are collectively responsible for a large proportion of E. coli urinary tract and bloodstream infections, and they differ markedly in their antibiotic susceptibilities.

Is E coli clonal?

The Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a well established clone causing significant extraintestinal infections worldwide. However, no studies have been reported the phenotypic and molecular traits of ST131 isolates in comparison to other clones of E.

What part of the bacteria is responsible for drug resistance?

Example: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer layer (membrane) that protects them from their environment. These bacteria can use this membrane to selectively keep antibiotic drugs from entering. Germs get rid of antibiotics using pumps in their cell walls to remove antibiotic drugs that enter the cell.

How many E coli sequence types are there?

Fecal and urine E. coli isolates each contained 31 distinct sequence types (STs). Nine STs were shared by fecal and urine E.

What are heat stable toxins?

Heat-stable toxins (STs) produced by enterotoxigenic bacteria cause endemic and traveler’s diarrhea by binding to and activating the intestinal receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C). Advances in understanding the biology of GC-C have extended ST from a diarrheagenic peptide to a novel therapeutic agent.