What is Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction?

The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide. Sonogashira coupling. Named after. Kenkichi Sonogashira.

How can we avoid Homocoupling in Sonogashira?

Abstract. The side product from homocoupling reaction of two terminal acetylenes in the Sonogashira reaction can be reduced to about 2% using an atmosphere of hydrogen gas diluted with nitrogen or argon.

Which coupling is nickel catalyst reaction?

Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions have emerged as powerful methods to join two electrophiles. These reactions have proven particularly useful for the coupling of sec-alkyl electrophiles to form stereogenic centers; however, the development of enantioselective variants remains challenging.

Who invented the Sonogashira reaction?

The reaction arose in 1975 from the development of a C–C bond formation by a Pd species such as PdCl2(PPh3)2 as catalyst combined with a cocatalytic amount of CuI and an amine at ambient temperature by a research group led by Kenkichi Sonogashira [2].

Which co catalyst is used in Sonogashira coupling reaction?

This coupling of terminal alkynes with aryl or vinyl halides is performed with a palladium catalyst, a copper(I) cocatalyst, and an amine base.

What is the role of copper in the Sonogashira reaction?

(3) Copper salt is used as a cocatalyst in the typical Sonogashira reaction, which is believed to facilitate the reaction rate.

What is nickel catalyst?

7.2. 2 Nickel Catalysts. Nickel-based catalysts are the most frequently used in reforming reactions due to C–C bond rupture capability. Nickel has been generally supported onto alumina because of its ability to withstand reaction conditions.

What is coupling reaction give two examples?

Examples of Cross-Coupling Reactions The Grignard reaction. Sonagashira cross-coupling. Suzuki coupling. The Buchwald-Hartwig reaction.