What is post detonation fumes?

Post-blast fume is a product of (incomplete) combustion from a blast. The products of combustion from a blast may include oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are often referred to as “fume”.

What are the fumes from mining?

Blasting is used to break up solid rock in open cut mines and quarries. Blast fumes are the gases that may be generated during blasting. Some of the gases are toxic and some are not. In terms of health impacts, the critical gases generated are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) – nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO).

What fumes are generated when ANFO is detonated?

Background on fumes from blasting For every kilogram of ANFO that is detonated approximately 1,000 litres of gas are produced. These reaction gases principally consist of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N) and water vapour (H2O).

What causes fumes in a blast?

Background. Post-blast fume is a product of combustion from a blast. The products of combustion from a blast may include oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are often referred to as fumes.

What are two dangers from toxic fumes?

They include:

  • burns to the skin from prolonged contact with the liquid form of the chemical;
  • massive accumulation of fluid in the lungs from inhalation of vapour;
  • damage to the brain and nervous system and, possibly, the kidneys.

What causes blast fume?

Blast fume is a product of (incomplete) combustion from a blast. The products of combustion from a blast may include oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

What is post explosion phase?

The final stage of the aggression cycle is the post-explosion phase. It consists of the negative consequences of the verbal or physical aggression displayed during the explosion phase.

What is the difference between detonation and combustion?

Detonation differs from normal combustion in its ignition mechanism and in the supersonic velocity of 2–5 kilometres per second for gases and 8–9 kilometres per second for solid and liquid explosives. Detonation is impossible when the energy loss from the reaction zone exceeds a certain limit.

What’s the difference between vapors and fumes?

Some liquids or solids have an associated gaseous phase which is called a vapour. Smoke is a fine solid formed by incomplete burning. Fumes are fine airborne particles produced when a solid vapourises and condenses, eg during welding.