What is non pharmacological management of heart failure?

Depending on the severity of the illness, nonpharmacologic therapies include dietary sodium and fluid restriction; physical activity as appropriate; and attention to weight gain. Pharmacologic therapies include the use of diuretics, vasodilators, inotropic agents, anticoagulants, beta-blockers, and digoxin.

What are the three principal Neurohumoral systems involved in the response to heart failure?

(See “Pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Hemodynamic alterations and remodeling”.) The principal neurohumoral systems involved in the response to HF are the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and antidiuretic hormone [1-3].

What pathophysiologic effect does the compensatory mechanisms of CHF create?

In heart failure, there is a compensatory increase in blood volume that serves to increase ventricular preload and thereby enhance stroke volume by the Frank-Starling mechanism. Blood volume is augmented by a number of factors. Reduced renal perfusion results in decreased urine output and retention of fluid.

What are the four stages of CHF?

There are four heart failure stages (Stage A, B, C and D)….There are many possible symptoms of heart failure. The most common are:

  • Shortness of breath.
  • Feeling tired (fatigue).
  • Less able to exercise.
  • Weak legs.
  • Waking up to urinate.
  • Swollen feet, ankles, lower legs and abdomen (edema).

What is a non-pharmacological?

Non-pharmacological pain therapy refers to interventions that do not involve the use of medications to treat pain. The goals of non-pharmacological interventions are to decrease fear, distress and anxiety, and to reduce pain and provide patients with a sense of control.

What are some non pharmacologic methods that can be used to relieve pain?

Non-Drug Options for Easing Pain

  • Massage. A lot of people find relief from gentle massage, and some hospice agencies have volunteers who are trained in massage therapy.
  • Relaxation techniques.
  • Acupuncture.
  • Physical therapy.
  • Pet therapy.
  • Gel packs.

What is Neurohumoral mechanism?

The heart and vasculature are regulated, in part, by neural (autonomic) and humoral (circulating or hormonal) factors. Neural mechanisms primarily involve sympathetic adrenergic and parasympathetic cholinergic branches of the autonomic nervous system.

What is Neurohumoral response?

Neurohumoral activation refers to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin system, vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide.

What are the compensatory mechanisms that are activated as the process of CHF develops?

The compensatory mechanisms that have been described thus far include: activation of the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system (SNS) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which maintain cardiac output through increased retention of salt and water, peripheral arterial vasoconstriction and increased …

What is the compensatory mechanism of heart failure?

The central compensatory mechanisms include the use of the Frank-Starling principle, development of myocardial hypertrophy and increased sympathetic drive to the heart.