What is Newmark theory of translation?

He works with three propositions: “the more important the language of a text, the more closely it should be translated”; “the less important the language of a text… the less closely it needs to be translated”; “The better written a text, the more closely it should be translated, whatever its degree of importance…”

What is the contribution of Peter Newmark in translation?

Peter Newmark, who has died aged 95, took the lead in making translation an academic study in its own right. He developed translation theory in striking and sometimes controversial ways, describing the conversion of a text from one language to another as both a science and an art.

What are the 4 procedures of translation by Newmark?

Newmark (1988) introduces 16 translation procedures: transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, synonymy, through-translation, shift or transposition, modulation, recognized translation, compensation, componential analysis, reduction and expansion, paraphrase.

What are the main approaches of translating?

There are six main approaches within contemporary translation theory: sociolinguistic; communicative; hermeneutic; linguistic; literary; and semiotic. Are you ready?

What is the main concern of translation theory?

In a narrow sense, translation theory is concerned with the translation method appropriately used for a certain type of text. In a wide sense, translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translation.

What is the communicative approach in translation?

A Communicative Approach to Translation It is the process of conveying a message from one language into another while respecting the linguistic features of the (TL) at different levels, morphological, lexical and grammatical.

What are the types of translation suggested by Peter Newmark?

Newmark distinguished eight methods of translation (Newmark, 1988: 45-47): 1) Word-for-word translation, 2) Literal translation, 3) Faithful translation, 4) Page 7 2 Semantic translation, 5) Adaptation, 6) Free translation, 7) Idiomatic translation, and 8) Communicative translation.

What are the two main approaches to translation?

He called these two approaches semantic translation and communicative translation respectively.

What is the ideal type of translation for Newmark?

Adaptation translation method is the suitable method to translate literary works. The translator could adapt the source language (SL) freely into the target language (TL), as Newmark (1988, p. 46) says that “this is the freest form translation.

Who was the first writer to formulate a translation?

The “non-transparent” translation theory was first developed by German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher during German Romanticism, before becoming a major theory two centuries later.

What is functionalist approach in translation?

Functionalist approaches generally believe that the function of a text in the target culture determines the method of translation. They are said to have developed in opposition to the equivalence paradigm of the linguistic-based approaches which see the source text as what determines the nature of the target text.

What is linguistic approach to translation?

The linguistic approach to translation theory incorporates the following concepts: meaning, equivalence, shift, text purpose and analysis, and discourse register; which can be examined in the contexts of structural and functional linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, correspondence, sociolinguistics and stylistics.