What is linewidth broadening?

Significant linewidth broadening can be caused by movement of the atoms or ions (→ Doppler broadening) or by interactions, e.g. pressure broadening in gases or interactions with phonons in solid media. If different atoms or ions are subject to different influences, this leads to inhomogeneous broadening.

Why does the linewidth broaden with temperature?

At higher temperatures, the line-width broadens further, due to additional thermal population of the high frequency modes.

How is linewidth calculated?

The line width gives the uncertainty in the excited state energy. The uncertainty is related by the Heisenberg relation (ΔEτ≈h) to the mean lifetime of the spin state considered. In frequency units, the line width is ΔU=ΔE/h=1/τ (τ is called the relaxation time).

What is linewidth in NMR?

The line width Δν can be taken to be the width of the line in frequency units at half maximum height. It is most convenient to think of line widths in frequency units because most of our spectra are plotted this way.

What is the difference between bandwidth and linewidth?

While there may be stricter definitions for each term, colloquially bandwidth usually refers to the band of frequencies or wavelengths a laser can output, while linewidth usually refers to the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the emitted light in the optical spectrum.

What causes collisional broadening?

Pressure broadening (also called collision broadening) is brought about by collisions between molecules or atoms, which can supply or remove small amounts of energy during radiative transitions, thereby allowing photons with a broader range of frequencies to produce a particular transition of a molecule.

What causes line broadening?

In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules. Different velocities of the emitting particles result in different Doppler shifts, the cumulative effect of which is the line broadening.

Is spectral width the same as linewidth?

In practical terms, spectral width is a measure of tunability of the LD as you vary injection current and temperature. This is quite useful in experiments (say atomic physics with alkali atoms). The linewidth is related to the phase noise of laser. It is very complicated to derive the linewidth from first principles.

What causes NMR broadening?

Broad peaks can represent inhomogeneities in the magnetic field which may have been caused by poor shimming, paramagnetic materials in the sample or particulate matter. Alternatively, peaks can broaden due to exchange processes on the NMR time scale.

What is cavity linewidth?

The linewidth of a cavity is commonly defined as the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the resonance peak, which we use here. But other definitions are also used, for example the Half Width at Half Maximum (HWHM) and the pole frequency fp , which both are equal to half the FWHM.

What are the three factors causing line broadening in atomic spectroscopy?

In addition, there are three common causes of line broadening: natural, Doppler, and pressure broadening. Natural broadening and the Uncertainty Effect: Natural broadening of pure spectral lines occurs due to the finite amount of time an atom spends in its excited electronic state.