What is KMT2B gene mutation?

KMT2B-related dystonia (DYT-KMT2B) is a complex childhood-onset movement disorder. It typically presents with a progressive disease course evolving commonly from lower-limb focal dystonia into generalized dystonia with prominent cervical, cranial, and laryngeal involvement.

What is spindle fiber depolymerization?

In one mechanism, the spindle fibers attached to the chromosomal kinetochores begin to quickly break down and depolymerize, which shortens the microtubules and moves the chromosomes closer to the pole to which the microtubles are attached.

What is the function of the kinetochore?

The kinetochore plays key roles throughout mitosis, both to mediate direct attachments between microtubules and centromeric DNA (Fig. 1) and as a hub for the signaling molecules required to monitor and control faithful chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression.

What is depolymerization of microtubules?

Microtubule depolymerizing and polymerizing agents cause mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis, and this toxic effect is more apparent in cancer cells than normal cells. In fact, several microtubule inhibitors are in standard clinical use.

How does Taxol stop cell division?

Taxol stops the uncontrolled cell divisions of cancer by forming extremely stable and nonfunctional microtubules. The microtubules are the means of chromosome motion during mitosis (cell division). Mitosis is halted when the stable, nonfunctional microtubules fail to form a normal mitotic apparatus.

What is a kinetochore and where is it located?

The kinetochore is a large protein complex that assembles on a specialized region of the chromosome called the ‘centromere’. The kinetochore mediates microtubule attachment to the chromosome, thereby promoting its proper segregation during mitosis.

Are kinetochores and centromeres the same?

The main difference between centromere and kinetochore is that centromere is the region where the two sister chromatids are held together after the replication of chromosome where kinetochore is the protein complex on the chromosome where spindle fibers are attached during cell division.

What happens when microtubule depolymerization?

What is depolymerization process?

‘Depolymerisation’ is one of the ways to chemically recycle plastic waste. In this process, sorted plastic waste is broken down into monomers (basic building blocks) to feed them back into the plastic production.

Does Taxol cause hair loss?

The drugs paclitaxel (“Taxol”) and docetaxel (“Taxotere “), nearly always cause complete alopecia when given in a third weekly schedule, but hair loss is less frequent when the drugs are given in a weekly schedule.

Why does Taxol have side effects?

This medication may rarely irritate the vein it is given into or leak out of the vein and irritate the area. These effects may cause redness, pain, swelling, discoloration, or unusual skin reactions at the injection site, either while the drug is given or rarely 7 to 10 days later.