What is HCC in cancer terms?

Primary liver cancer—cancer that starts in the liver—is called hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is the sixth most-common form of cancer worldwide, but the third leading cause of death from cancer. HCC almost always occurs in people who have had liver disease for many years.

How is tumor staging determined?

In the TNM system, the overall stage is determined after the cancer is assigned a letter or number to describe the tumor (T), node (N), and metastasis (M) categories. T describes the original (primary) tumor. N tells whether the cancer has spread to the nearby lymph nodes.

Is non-small cell lung cancer fast growing?

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – the more common of the two types (80-85% of all lung cancers), non-small cell lung cancer is generally slower growing than small cell lung cancer.

What is end stage HCC?

Patients with end stage or terminal HCC are those presenting with tumors leading to a very poor Performance Status (ECOG 3–4) or Child–Pugh C patients with tumors beyond the transplantation threshold. Among HCC patients, 15–20% present with end stage or terminal stage HCC. Their median survival is less than 3–4 months.

What does AJCC stand for?

This system was created and is updated by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Union Against Cancer (UICC). The AJCC staging system is used to describe most types of cancer.

What is AJCC staging system?

The AJCC staging scheme is based on the evaluation of the T, N, and M components and the assignment of a stage grouping. The T element designates the size and invasiveness of the primary tumor. The numerical value increases with tumor size and extent of invasiveness.

Which is worse small cell or non-small cell lung cancer?

Small cell cancers vary , depending on the expression of specific genes. Some types are more aggressive than others, but generally, small cell cancer is more aggressive than non-small cell lung cancer.

What is the life expectancy of someone with non-small cell lung cancer?

Nearly two-thirds of people with early-stage lung cancer survive at least 5 years. Advanced NSCLC has a lower survival rate. If the cancer has spread to nearby tissues, the chance of surviving at least 5 years drops to about 1 in 3, and if it has spread to distant tissue, the chance drops to less than 1 in 10.

What is the life expectancy of someone with small cell lung cancer?

Limited stage small cell lung cancer has a median survival of 12 to 16 months, with treatment. Extensive stage small cell lung cancer has a median survival of 7 to 11 months, with treatment.

What is the newest treatment for small cell lung cancer?

Immunotherapy is the most promising SCLC treatment in recent years [63, 64]. Based on the CheckMate-032 study, nivolumab was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for recurrent SCLC, making it the first FDA-approved third-line treatment for SCLC.