What is EAF technology?

6.3 Oxyfuel Burners. The electric arc furnace (EAF) has become an energy-intensive process with the adoption of high-powered transformers, carbon addition, and the availability of tonnage oxygen used in oxygen lances and burners.

How does an EAF furnace work?

The electric arc furnace is used to reduce iron from iron ore. Heat is generated from an electric arc between electrodes. Oxygen is blown into the furnace, and lime and other materials are added to combine with the impurities and form slag. Molten iron is extracted and poured out via a tapping spout.

Which is disadvantage of electric arc furnace process?

DisAdvantages of Electric Arc Furnace: Production of slag will be more in this process. Due to the presence of dynamic quality of the arc furnace load, power systems may require technical measures to maintain the quality of power.

How much electricity does EAF use?

Actual electricity use in EAFs are reported to range between 300 – 550 kWh/t, and in 1999 reached an average level of 425 kWh/t.

What are the three major ingredients for an EAF?

Structure of an Electric Arc Furnace The furnace consists of a spherical hearth (bottom), cylindrical shell and a swinging water-cooled dome-shaped roof. The roof has three holes for consumable graphite electrodes held by a clamping mechanism. The mechanism provides independent lifting and lowering of each electrode.

How are electric arc furnaces powered?

An electric arc furnace is essentially a giant heat-resistant kettle powered by three graphite spikes. The furnace has a removable water-cooled lid that holds the graphite spikes and is connected to large power lines that act as electrodes.

What is the difference between BOF and EAF?

The key difference between the routes is the type of raw materials they consume. For the BF-BOF route these are predominantly iron ore, coal, and recycled steel, while the EAF route produces steel using mainly recycled steel and electricity.

What are the advantages of electric arc furnace?

An electric arc furnace’s main advantage is the improved efficiency compared to a blast furnace. The EAF doesn’t require large amounts of fuel for combustion or the continuous addition of coke to the molten metal to achieve high purities.

How many types of electric arc furnace are there?

Arc furnaces are of two types namely: In a direct arc furnace, shown in Fig. 5.4, the arc is formed between the electrodes and the charge, while in the indirect arc furnace the arc is formed between the electrodes, as shown in Fig. 5.5, and heat is transmitted to the charge solely by radiation.

What is the starting raw material for the EAF process?

SCRAP Scrap
2.1 SCRAP. Scrap is the mostly used raw materials for the EAF charge.

How is steel made EAF?

Most steel in Europe is produced via two basic routes: The Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) route and the Electric Arc Furnace route (EAF). Blast furnaces produce iron from iron ore. In a second step a basic oxygen converter turns iron, with some additions of scrap, into steel.