What is a+ TIP microtubules?

Microtubule plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) are a diverse group of molecules that display dynamic accumulation at the distal ends of growing microtubules.

What are EB proteins?

One of the most important and abundant groups of plus-end-interacting proteins are EB-family proteins, which autonomously recognize structures of the microtubule growing plus-ends, modulate their dynamics, and recruit multiple partner proteins with diverse functions onto the microtubule plus-ends.

What are end binding proteins?

End-binding protein 1 (EB1) is a plus-end-tracking protein (+TIP) that accumulates at growing microtubule ends and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics.

Where is dynein found?

Dynein is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein, which transports a variety of intracellular cargo by hydrolysing ATP to power its movement along microtubule tracks. Axonemal dyneins are found cilia and flagella, whereas cytoplasmic dynein is found in all animal cells.

What is the main function of dynein?

Functions of Dynein Dynein performs a number of cytoplasmic cellular functions. It serves as the power behind the transport of membrane-bound tubules and vesicles in conjunction with their occupant molecules. This cargo is transported towards the minus ends of the microtubule.

How does dyneins cause movement?

Axonemal dyneins are found in the axoneme of the cellular appendages of cilia and flagella and using ATP, cause the rhythmic, beating movement of these structures through the mechanical action of sliding up and down the microtubules within the axonemal cytoskeletal core.

What are the three types of microtubules?

The overall shape of the spindle is framed by three types of spindle microtubules: kinetochore microtubules (green), astral microtubules (blue), and interpolar microtubules (red). Microtubules are a polarized structure containing two distinct ends, the fast growing (plus) end and slow growing (minus) end.