What is 2/4 dinitrophenol and how does it affect metabolic pathways?

2-4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) was one of the first antiobesity therapy used in the 1930s. Its effect was first noticed among factory workers who were exposed to this and lost weight. It was shown to cause weight loss by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, leading to a heightened metabolic rate and increased fat metabolism.

What is the function of 2,4-dinitrophenol?

2,4-Dinitrophenol is used in the manufacture of dyes, wood preservatives, and as a pesticide. The acute (short-term) effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol in humans through oral exposure are nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, headaches, and loss of weight.

What is the mechanism of action of 2 4 DNP?

Mechanism of action DNP acts as a protonophore, allowing protons to leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane and thus bypass ATP synthase. This makes ATP energy production less efficient. In effect, part of the energy that is normally produced from cellular respiration is wasted as heat.

What is the effect of DNP?

DNP decreases the formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in mitochondria and at the same time stimulates systemic oxygen consumption [23]. This dissociative effect is known as uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.

What effect does dinitrophenol have on glucose transport?

In L6 skeletal muscle cells, DNP rapidly doubles glucose transport, reminiscent of the effect of insulin. However, glucose transport stimulation by DNP does not require insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation and is wortmannin insensitive.

What effect would you expect DNP to have on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

As a result, the proton gradient cannot be formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane as pumping of H+ (hydrogen ion) is stopped. So, there will be a decrease in pH across the inner membrane of mitochondria.

How does 2/4 dinitrophenol cause weight loss?

DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenol) has a variety of industrial uses, including as a photographic chemical, a fertilizer and in the manufacturing of dyes and explosives. It causes weight loss by burning fat and carbohydrates, in turn causing energy to be converted into heat.

What is DNP How does it work?

How does DNP cause hyperthermia?

DNP acts by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting ATP formation, resulting in an increased metabolic rate and hyperthermia.

How does 2/4 DNP affect glucose transport?

Abstract. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) uncouples the mitochondrial oxidative chain from ATP production, preventing oxidative metabolism. The consequent increase in energy demand is, however, contested by cells increasing glucose uptake to produce ATP via glycolysis.

How does 2/4 dinitrophenol affect cellular respiration?

Mitochondrial uncouplers, such as 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP), increase the cellular respiration by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi). We show that this respiratory effect can be transient or even prevented in isolated liver cells depending on the exogenous substrate used (dihydroxyacetone vs.

How does DNP affect H+ movement in mitochondria?

This gradient of H+ can produce ATP by flowing through ATP synthetase in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Dinitrophenol disrupts the H+ gradient reducing ATP synthesis. The energy from electron transfer cannot be used for ATP synthesis.

What is 2 4 dinitrophenol?

2,4-Dinitrophenol ( 2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is an organic compound with the formula HOC 6 H 3 (NO 2) 2. It is a yellow, crystalline solid that has a sweet, musty odor.

What are the long term effects of 2 4 dinitrophenol toxicity?

Chronic (long-term) oral exposure to 2,4-dinitrophenol in humans has resulted in the formation of cataracts and skin lesions, weight loss, and has caused effects on the bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS), and cardiovascular system.

Does dinitrophenol increase excretion of T4?

Dinitrophenol increases biliary and fecal excretion of T4, and this action largely accounts for the rapid removal of hormone from the circulation. Deiodination of T4 is also increased. 2,4-Dinitrophenol does not share some of the most important properties of T4.

What is the biotransformation process of 2 4 dinitrophenol?

Possible biotransformation processes of 2,4-dinitrophenol are: reduction of the nitro group, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and displacement of the nitro group by a hydroxy group (6). A pure culture of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum was found to reduce 2,4-dinitrophenol to 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and 4-amino-2-nitrophenol (6).