What does RC mean in bladder cancer?

Radical cystectomy (RC) is an effective curative treatment for high grade and muscle invasive bladder cancer. Other treatments such as chemoradiation and transurethral resection of bladder tumor as monotherapy are generally not considered as effective as RC.

What is plasmacytoid bladder cancer?

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a unique variant of invasive urothelial carcinoma characterized by tumor cells that exhibit a striking resemblance to plasma cells, and it is known to have an aggressive behavior.

What percentage of bladder cancer is muscle invasive?

Twenty to twenty-five percent of all newly diagnosed bladder cancers are muscle invasive in nature, and further, 20–25% of patients who are diagnosed with high-risk non-muscle invasive disease will eventually progress to muscle invasive disease in due course of time irrespective of adjuvant intravesical therapies.

Can muscle invasive bladder cancer spread?

Bladder cancer may spread to lymph nodes nearby and farther away. The cancer may reach the bones, the lungs, or the liver and other parts of the body.

Can bladder cancer come back after bladder is removed?

Additional therapy may be needed for patients with advanced bladder cancers that are surgically removed. A five-year, international study validated the use of a marker panel to predict which patients are more likely to have a recurrence of cancer after bladder removal.

What percentage of bladder cancer is non muscle invasive?

Approximately 70-75% bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

What are plasmacytoid features?

The histopathological evaluation shows the characteristic cytological features plasmacytoid appearance of the tumor cells, which are polygonal and round cells with eccentric nuclei in the abundant cytoplasm.

What are the signs that bladder cancer has spread?

The signs and symptoms of bladder cancer that has spread to other parts of the body include:

  • tiredness or weakness.
  • pain when urinating.
  • difficulty urinating or inability to urinate.
  • pain in the lower back on one side of the body.
  • weight loss.
  • swollen feet.
  • bone pain.

What is the prognosis for muscle-invasive bladder cancer?

Five-year survival rates are 75% to 100% for grade 1 tumors, 46% to 75% for grade 2, and 22% to 55% for grade 3. Five-year reports of survival rates are 100% for stage Ta, 58% to 80% for T1, 29% to 80% for T2, 14% to 62% for T3a, 0% to 33% for T3b, and 0% to 20% for T4.

What are the signs that bladder cancer has returned?

Tell your doctor about any new symptoms, such as pain during urination, blood in the urine, frequent urination, an immediate need to urinate, and any other symptoms. These symptoms may be signs that the cancer has come back or signs of another medical condition.