What does it mean if there are ketones in your urine?

If your cells don’t get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine. High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can lead to a coma or even death.

Can sodium hydride reduce ketones?

LiAlH4 and NaBH4 are both capable of reducing aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohol.

What does NaBH3CN reduce?

The advantage of using NaBH3CN is that it isn’t a strong enough reducing agent to reduce aldehydes or ketones, but it is a strong enough nucleophile to reduce iminium ions.

What does LiAlH4 do to ketones?

LiAlH4 is a strong, unselective reducing agent for polar double bonds, most easily thought of as a source of H-. It will reduce aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic acids and even carboxylate salts to alcohols. Amides and nitriles are reduced to amines.

What does ketones in urine mean not diabetic?

People without diabetes can also have ketones in the urine if their body is using fat for fuel instead of glucose. This can happen with chronic vomiting, extreme exercise, low-carbohydrate diets, or eating disorders.

How do you treat ketones in the urine?

Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels:

  1. Drink extra water to flush them out of your body.
  2. Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours.
  3. Don’t exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones.

What is hydride reduction?

Metal Hydride Reduction. Page 2. Reduction of Aldehydes And Ketones. An aldehyde or a ketone can be reduced to an alcohol, a hydrocarbon, or an amine. The product of the reaction depends on the reducing agent and on the structure of the carbonyl compound.

What can NaH reduce?

NaH can also serve as hydride donor for the generation of ZnH2 from ZnCl2 or ZnI2. The combination of sodium hydride and zinc chloride enables a controlled reduction of nitriles to aldehydes via iminyl zinc intermediates.

What pH does NaBH3CN reduce aldehydes and ketones?

NaBH3CN is a relatively weak reductant which works under mildly acidic conditions. The control of the pH is important for effecting clean reductive amination. The pH range needed for the reduction of ketones and aldehydes is usually 3~4, whereas that for iminium cations is about 6~7.

Why are reductive Aminations important?

The reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones is an important method for the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Iminium ions are reduced selectively in the presence of their carbonyl precursors.

Which of the following is a hydride reducing agent?

Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is a strong reducing agent. It will donate hydride (“H-”) to any C=O containing functional group. Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is a strong reducing agent.