What does an elongation factor do?

Abstract. Translation elongation factors perform critical functions in protein synthesis in all domains of life, including the delivery of aminoacyl-tRNAs into the ribosome, and the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the ribosomal A-site to the ribosomal P-site.

What is the role of elongation factor 1?

EF-1α is an evolutionarily conserved GTPase that catalyzes the efficient delivery of charged tRNA to the ribosome during protein elongation and is critically involved in translation fidelity.

How many factors of elongation are there?

Three types of elongation factors are built, in more-or-less similar form, by all living things. These are termed EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G. As with much of molecular biology, however, there are also other names for each of these, coined over the many years that researchers have been studying these molecules.

How is GTP used during elongation?

During the elongation stage of translation, GTP is used as an energy source for the binding of a new amino bound tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome. It is also used as an energy source for the translocation of the ribosome towards the 3′ end of the mRNA.

What is EF-Tu and EF TS?

EF-Ts serves as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable), catalyzing the release of guanosine diphosphate from EF-Tu. This enables EF-Tu to bind to a new guanosine triphosphate molecule, release EF-Ts, and go on to catalyze another aminoacyl tRNA addition.

What is EF-Tu and EF-TS?

Does elongation require GTP?

Efficient translocation of mRNA-tRNAs, a process required to move a new codon into the A site, requires the binding of elongation factor G (EF-G) to the ribosome and subsequent guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis (6, 7).

How many ATP and GTP are used in translation?

The correct answer is option(D) 25 ATP , 50 GTP.

What is a release factor and what does it do?

A release factor (RF) refers to a type of translation factor that triggers translation termination. Release factors fall into two classes; Class I release factors that bind the ribosome in response to the presence of a stop codon within the ribosomal A-site (acceptor site).

Are elongation factors proteins?

Translational elongation factors are proteins that play two important roles during the elongation cycle of protein biosynthesis on the ribosome. First, elongation factors are involved in bringing aminoacyl-transfer RNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

How many ATP equivalents are required for the synthesis of a protein that is 50 amino acids long?

D. 25 ATP , 50 GTP. Hint: The main route for the disposal of amino acids is protein synthesis. By binding to specific molecules of transfer RNA, amino acids are activated and assembled by ribosomes into a sequence specified by messenger RNA which, in turn, has been transcribed from the DNA template.