What did the Framingham study discover regarding the risk factors for heart disease?
What did the Framingham study discover regarding the risk factors for heart disease?
The study found high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol to be major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the past half century, the study has produced approximately 3,000 articles in leading medical journals.
What is Framingham cardiac risk?
The Framingham Risk Score is a sex-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. The Framingham Risk Score was first developed based on data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study, to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease.
What were the three risk factors discovered in the Framingham study?
Much of our appreciation of the pathophysiology of heart disease came from the results of studies from the FHS. It established the traditional risk factors, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and cigarette smoking for coronary heart disease.
What is the Framingham model?
The Framingham risk models and pooled cohort equations (PCE) are widely used and advocated in guidelines for predicting 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population.
What was the Framingham Heart Study and why is it important?
Framingham Study is a population-based, observational cohort study that was initiated by the United States Public Health Service in 1948 to prospectively investigate the epidemiology and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
What did the Framingham study teach us?
The Framingham study provided researchers with knowledge of how dietary fat can increase the risk of heart disease. It showed a link between cholesterol levels in the blood and an individual’s risk for developing heart disease.
What is a normal Framingham score?
Risk is considered low if the FRS is less than 10%, moderate if it is 10% to 19%, and high if it is 20% or higher. Decisions based on the Framingham tables are made every day in office practice.
What does the Framingham risk score predict?
The Framingham equations used in current risk scoring methods over-predict the risk of mortality from coronary heart disease and all fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease events by 47% and 57%, respectively, compared with observed events in a representative sample of British men.
How is Framingham risk score calculated?
How to calculate the Framingham score?
- ln – stands for natural logarithm.
- Risk score – the total amount of points.
- Age – given in years.
- Total cholesterol – given in mg/dL.
- HDL level – given in mg/dL.
- Systolic Blood Pressure – given in mmHg.
- Smoker? Yes = 1. No = 0.
- Blood pressure treatment? Yes = 1. No = 0.
What are the criticisms of the Framingham Heart Study?
Some four decades later, there is mounting criticism of the Framingham risk score. First, because it does not predict cardiovascular risk ‘accurately’ enough – when applied to different populations, the score tends to overestimate risk in low-risk populations and underestimate risk in high-risk populations.
What did the Framingham study find about cholesterol levels?
Framingham Heart Study shows that HDL Cholesterol Levels should not be interpreted in a Vacuum! High-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) has long been nicknamed the ‘good cholesterol. ‘ It is well-known that high blood levels of HDL are associated with a decreased risk from cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Why is the Framingham Heart Study important?
The Framingham Heart Study is now considered one of the longest, most important epidemiological studies in medical history. In the 1960s, the study demonstrated the role cigarette smoking plays in the development of heart disease. Those findings helped to fuel the first anti-smoking campaigns of that era.
