What chemicals are used for drilling?

Tannins, various lignosulfonate salts, sodium tetraphosphate and other phosphates, and synthetic polymers such as sodium poly(styrene sulfonate-co-maleic anhydride) have been used. Friction reducers such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide may also be used in drilling fluids (19).

What are the types of drilling fluid?

Drilling fluids include three main types: water-based muds, oil-based muds, and air. Air drilling fluids, such as mist, foams, and stiff foams, are used in only very specific, limited applications.

What is NAF drilling fluid?

Non-aqueous fluid (NAF) is a drilling fluid that is not water-based. Commonly used NAF systems are diesel oil, mineral oil, or invert emulsions that are based on synthetic fluid. In NAF systems, the water phase is emulsified in a continuous oil phase, also known as a water-in-oil emulsion or invert emulsion.

What type of fluid is drilling mud?

Drilling muds are traditionally based on water, either fresh water, seawater, naturally occurring brines, or prepared brines. Many muds are oil-based, using direct products of petroleum refining such as diesel oil or mineral oil as the fluid matrix.

What are drilling fluid additives?

Drilling Fluid Additives supplies various grades and blends of lignite and bentonite to the drilling division of the oil and gas industry.

What is brine water used for in drilling?

The object of using the brine fluid was to enhance production rates by minimizing formation or “skin” damage, production rates by minimizing formation or “skin” damage, which in turn greatly offset the initially higher cost (in comparison to conventional drilling muds).

What is the most common drilling fluid?

water-base muds
Aqueous drilling fluids, generally referred to as water-base muds, are the most common and the most varied of the three drilling fluid types (Figure 1). They range in composition from simple blends of water and clay to complex inhibitive, or clay stabilizing, drilling fluid systems that include many components.

What are the composition of drilling fluid?

The Components of Drilling Fluids/Mud Water-based drilling mud most commonly consists of Bentonite clay (gel) with additives such as Barium sulfate (Barite), Calcium carbonate (chalk) or Hematite. Various thickeners are used to influence the viscosity of the fluid, e.g. xanthan gum, guar gum, glycol, or starch.

What is water based mud?

Water-based mud is a type of drilling mud consisting mainly of water, which has additives to modify it and make it more effective. Water-based mud is a drilling fluid composed of water and bentonite and heavy minerals which are also added for weight.

What is oil based mud used for?

Oil-based mud is a drilling fluid used in drilling engineering. It is composed of oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase in conjunction with emulsifiers, wetting agents and gellants. The oil base can be diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, selected crude oil or mineral oil.

What is bentonite used for in drilling?

The most common use of bentonite is in drilling fluids. The bentonite in the flush fluid lubricates and cools the cutting tools whilst protecting against corrosion. As the drilling fluid generates hydrostatic pressure in the borehole, it hinders fluid and gas penetration.