What causes murmur in mitral stenosis?

The main cause of mitral valve stenosis is an infection called rheumatic fever, which is related to strep infections. Rheumatic fever — now rare in the United States, but still common in developing countries — can scar the mitral valve.

What kind of murmur is heard with mitral stenosis?

The diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis is of low pitch, rumbling in character, and best heard at the apex with the patient in the left lateral position. It commences after the opening snap of the mitral valve, and the duration of the murmur correlates with the severity of the stenosis.

What is the pathophysiology of mitral valve stenosis?

Mitral stenosis (MS) is characterized by obstruction to left ventricular inflow at the level of mitral valve due to structural abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus. The most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever.

What are the Auscultatory findings in mitral stenosis?

The auscultatory findings characteristic of mitral stenosis are a loud first heart sound, an opening snap, and a diastolic rumble. The first heart sound is accentuated because of a wide closing excursion of the mitral leaflets.

Why is S1 loud in mitral stenosis?

The first heart sound (S1) is typically loud due to the rapidity with which RV pressure rises (dP/dt) at the time of mitral valve closure (because of high pressure in the left atrium, the left ventricle [LV] needs to reach a higher pressure before it can close the mitral valve and hence LV pressure has more time to …

How does mitral stenosis sound?

Why does JVP increase in mitral stenosis?

In general, features of mitral stenosis on examination include: small pulse, which may be irregularly irregular. jugular venous pressure is only raised if there is heart failure. right ventricular hypertrophy, tapping apex beat.

Why is S2 loud in mitral stenosis?

An opening snap (OS) is an additional sound that may be heard after the A2 component of the second heart sound (S2). This is the forceful opening of the mitral valve when the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle.

Why is there a loud S1 in mitral stenosis?

This occurs because the increased left atrial pressures in early mitral stenosis force the mobile portion of the mitral valve leaflets far apart. At the onset of ventricular systole, they are forced closed from a relatively far distance, resulting in a loud S1.