What causes L wave mitral inflow?

Mitral valve L-waves may be evident in healthy patients with relatively low heart rates (Fig. 1). First described using echocardiography by Keren et al., it has been attributed to continued pulmonary vein flow through the left atrium (LA), and into the left ventricle (LV) after early rapid filling.

What is the significance of L wave?

L-waves, which are of great importance in earthquake engineering, propagate in a similar way to water waves, at low velocities that are dependent on frequency. S-waves are transverse body waves and thus can only be propagated within solid bodies such as rocks.

What is an L wave in heart?

L wave is usually defined as mid-diastolic forward flow velocity of transmitral flow whose velocity is more than 20 cm/sec and has been reported as a marker of diastolic dysfunction and/or elevation of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, especially in patients with LV hypertrophy [1], [2].

What is the significance of a triphasic mitral inflow PW Doppler profile?

Triphasic mitral inflow in patients with LV systolic dysfunction has been associated with clinical heart failure,3 where as in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and normal LV ejection fraction it was associated with elevated LV filling pressures and high risk of hospitalization for heart failure.

What are the properties of L waves?

The L waves travel along the surface of the earth from the point directly above the quake or epicenter. Love (L) waves are shear waves where the shearing (back and forth) motion, is confined to a horizontal plane at the Earth’s surface.

What is diastolic dysfunction of the heart?

When the muscles of the heart become stiff, they can’t relax properly, creating a condition known as diastolic dysfunction. This inflexibility prevents the heart’s ventricles from filling completely, causing blood to back up in the organs.

What are surface or L waves?

Surface waves, in this mechanical sense, are commonly known as either Love waves (L waves) or Rayleigh waves. A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, often as the result of an earthquake or explosion.

Why are L waves the most destructive?

Of the two types of surface waves, the L-waves are the most destructive. They can literally move the ground beneath a building faster than the building itself can respond, effectively shearing the base off of the rest of the building.

How fast do L waves travel?

These waves can travel through any type of material, including fluids, and can travel nearly 1.7 times faster than the S-waves. In air, they take the form of sound waves, hence they travel at the speed of sound. Typical speeds are 330 m/s in air, 1450 m/s in water and about 5000 m/s in granite.

What is mitral inflow velocity?

Early mitral inflow velocity reflects the instantaneous pressure difference between the left atrium and the left ventricle. 13) In severe MR, the pressure gradient between the left atrium and left ventricle increases and leads to a higher peak E wave velocity.

What type of seismic wave is L wave?

surface waves
The PP (one bounce) and PPP (two bounces) waves travel more slowly than the direct P because they pass through shallower, lower velocity rocks. The different S waves arrive after the P waves. The slowest (and latest to arrive on seismograms) are surface waves, such as the L wave.