What are tumor-specific transplantation antigens?

Perhaps the most important new antigen at the surface of virus-transformed cells is the tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA). TSTA stimulates the development of a cellular immune response in the host, leading to rejection of tumor cells carrying the antigen. TSTA is not a virion antigen.

What antigens are tumor antigens?

Tumor antigens are proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, or carbohydrates expressed on the surface of tumor cells (Fig. 6-23). They include both tumor-specific antigens restricted to tumor cells and tumor-associated antigens present on both tumor cells and normal cells.

What do tumor-specific antigens do?

Tumor-specific antigens can help the body make an immune response against cancer cells. They may be used as possible targets for targeted therapy or for immunotherapy to help boost the body’s immune system to kill more cancer cells.

What types of antigens are expressed on tumor cells?

Tumour antigens are those presented by MHC class I or II molecules on the surface of tumour cells. These antigens are sometimes presented only by tumour cells and never by normal cells. In this case, they are called tumour-specific antigens (TSAs) and typically result from a tumour-specific mutation.

What is a specific antigen?

Antigenic specificity is the ability of the host cells to recognize an antigen specifically as a unique molecular entity and distinguish it from another with exquisite precision. Antigen specificity is due primarily to the side-chain conformations of the antigen.

What is the difference between a tumor specific antigen TSA and a tumor-associated antigen TAA )?

Tumor-specific antigens (TSA), found on cancer cells only, not on healthy cells. Tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which have elevated levels on tumor cells, but are also expressed at lower levels on healthy cells.

What is the difference between tumor-specific antigens and tumor-associated antigens?

What are tumor-specific antigens examples?

Examples of tumor-specific antigens include the abnormal products of ras and p53 genes. In contrast, mutation of other genes unrelated to the tumor formation may lead to synthesis of abnormal proteins which are called tumor-associated antigens.

What are the important antigens to produce tumor immunity?

The two most thoroughly characterized oncofetal antigens are carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP). Most human and experimental tumors express higher than normal levels or abnormal forms of surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, which may be diagnostic markers and targets for therapy.

Is PSA a tumor associated antigen or a tumor-specific antigen?

Tumor-associated antigens in PCa can be proteins that are present on prostate cells and on their malignant counterparts. Examples are prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and the cancer/testis antigens (CTAs).

What is TAA and TSA?

Public shared antigens are common to multiple patients and are split into two categories: Tumor-specific antigens (TSA), found on cancer cells only, not on healthy cells. Tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which have elevated levels on tumor cells, but are also expressed at lower levels on healthy cells.