What are the properties of indium tin oxide?

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides (TCO) because of its two main properties: its electrical conductivity and optical transparency. It is also a relatively inexpensive material and is easy to be deposited as a thin film on glass, PET, and other substrates.

What is the function of the indium tin oxide?

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is usually used as a high work function electrode since it combines good conductivity and transparency in the visible range. High work function electrodes are used to inject holes into the organic materials, hence as high as possible work function values are desirable.

Is indium transparent translucent or opaque?

Indium tin oxide is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides because of its electrical conductivity and optical transparency, the ease with which it can be deposited as a thin film, and its chemical resistance to moisture.

Is indium oxide transparent?

Optical properties. Indium oxide is a highly transparent material.

What are the properties of indium?

Indium is a soft, ductile, manleable, lustrous metallic metal. Its colour is silvery white and it has a face-centered tetragonal structure. It is liquid over a wide range of temperatures, like gallium that belongs to its same group. Both indium and gallium are able to wet glass.

Why is ITO transparent?

ITO is not as conductive as metals, they do reflect light to, but this reflection only kicks in at longer wavelength (beyond visible light wavelength), therefore, they are transparent in the visible region.

Why ITO is conductive and transparent?

Is indium tin oxide a semiconductor?

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a well-known n-type degenerate semiconductor with a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications.

What are the properties of tin?

Tin is a soft, pliable, silvery-white metal. Tin is not easily oxidized and resists corrosion because it is protected by an oxide film. Tin resists corrosion from distilled sea and soft tap water, and can be attacked by strong acids, alkalis and acid salts.

What are the physical properties of tin?

Tin is a soft, malleable, ductile and highly crystalline silvery-white metal. When a bar of tin is bent a crackling sound known as the “tin cry” can be heard from the twinning of the crystals. Tin melts at about 232 °C (450 °F) the lowest in group 14.

What is the conductivity of ITO?

The ITO films are highly transparent (90.2%) and conductive (ρ = 7.2 × 10–4 Ω·cm) with the highest figure of merit (1.19 × 10–2 Ω–1) among all the solution-processed ITO films reported to date.

Is ITO a dielectric?

It is also the reason why ITO is widely applied in biosensors. The real dielectric part of ITO, which is responsible for the wavelength shift of LMR, is obviously higher than silica for the shorter wavelength, from 0.4 to 1.5 µm, as shown in Figure 2.

Are indium–tin–oxide thin films electrically conductive?

Ohta, H. et al. Highly electrically conductive indium–tin–oxide thin films epitaxially grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia (100) by pulsed-laser deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2740–2742 (2000).

How to grow indium–tin–oxide thin films on glass substrate?

High-quality indium–tin–oxide (ITO) thin films(200–850 nm) have been grownby pulsed laser deposition(PLD)on glass substrates without a postdeposition annealing treatment.

What is ITO (indium tin oxide)?

Tin-doped indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO) is a transparent conductor, which is widely used in modern optoelectronic devices such as thin-film transistors, resistive switching memories, and solar cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Does temperature affect the optical properties of amorphous ITO thin films?

We investigated the optical properties of ITO thin films at high temperatures up to 800 °C using spectroscopic ellipsometry. As temperature increases, amorphous ITO thin films undergo a phase transition at ~ 200 °C and develop polycrystalline phases with increased optical gap energies.