What are the causes of myoglobinuria?

The most common causes of myoglobinuria in adults are trauma, alcohol and drug abuse, usually in relation to muscle necrosis from prolonged immobilization and pressure by the body weight.

What is caused by the release of myoglobin into the systemic circulation?

Lysis of muscle cells releases toxic intracellular components in the systemic circulation which leads to electrolyte disturbances, hypovolemia, metabolic acidocis, coagulation defects and acute renal failure due to myoglobin4.

Why does myoglobinuria cause renal failure?

Under ideal situations myoglobin will be filtered and excreted with the urine, but if too much myoglobin is released into the circulation or in case of kidney problems, it can occlude the kidneys’ filtration system leading to acute tubular necrosis and acute kidney injury.

What is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis?

Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening syndrome resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers with leakage of muscle contents into the circulation. The most common causes are crush injury, overexertion, alcohol abuse and certain medicines and toxic substances.

How is hemoglobinuria different from myoglobinuria?

To differentiate hemoglobinuria from myoglobinuria, evaluate the plasma color; hemoglobinuria will have a pink to red plasma color, whereas myoglobinuria will not.

What is Polymyopathy?

Overview. Polymyositis (pol-e-my-o-SY-tis) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead.

What is myoglobin responsible for?

Myoglobin is the sarcoplasmic heme protein primarily responsible for the meat color, and the chemistry of myoglobin is species specific. The mechanistic interactions between myoglobin and multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors govern the color of raw as well as cooked meats.

What is the main function of myoglobin?

Myoglobin is a protein that’s found in your striated muscles, which includes skeletal muscles (the muscles attached to your bones and tendons) and heart muscles. Its main function is to supply oxygen to the cells in your muscles (myocytes). All cells in your body need oxygen in order to function.

What is Myoglobinuria?

Continuing Education Activity. Myoglobinuria is the presence of an excess amount of myoglobin in the urine. It is mostly caused by muscle breakdown, releasing a high amount of myoglobin in the blood. Myoglobinuria can lead to acute kidney injury.

What is the difference between rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria?

Myoglobinuria lacks sensitivity as a test for rhabdomyolysis; it may be absent in 25 to 50 percent of patients with rhabdomyolysis due to the more rapid clearance of myoglobin, compared with CK, following muscle injury.

How would you physically differentiate a red urine caused by hematuria hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria?

Generally, to differentiate myoglobinuria from hemoglobinuria and hematuria, which all have a positive blood test on a urine dipstick, evaluate the color of the supernatant after centrifugation of the urine; hematuria will have a clear supernatant, whereas hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria will not.