What are single stranded DNA breaks?

DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) are discontinuities in one strand of the DNA double helix, and are often associated with damaged or mismatched 5′- and/or 3′-termini at the sites of SSBs [1].

What is the function of gamma H2AX?

Formation of γ-H2AX maintains checkpoint responses while DNA damage is being repaired (Downey and Durocher 2006; Fillingham et al. 2006). Finally, if DNA damage cannot be fixed, cells undergo programmed cell death in which H2AX also plays a role (Lu et al.

Which DNA repair process responds to single-strand breaks?

Activated p53 regulates the process of DNA damage repair, the repair mechanism for single-stranded breaks is NER or BER, and they require the participation of various regulatory factors such as RPA, PCNA, p48 XP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), X-ray repair cross-complementary protein1 (XRCC1) and DNA ligase.

What causes single strand breaks?

Radiation induces single-strand DNA breaks and double-strand breaks (dsDNA breaks) which are repaired by nonhomologous recombination and homologous recombination.

What are strand breaks?

Abstract. The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the principle cytotoxic lesion for ionizing radiation and radio-mimetic chemicals but can also be caused by mechanical stress on chromosomes or when a replicative DNA polymerase encounters a DNA single-strand break or other type of DNA lesion.

What is Gamma H2AX antibody?

Gamma H2AX (gammaH2AX) is the phosphorylated version of histone H2AX and is a marker for double-stranded breaks (DSBs) caused by DNA damage (1-4).

What causes single-strand breaks?

What is single-strand repair?

Abstract. DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) is critical for the survival and genetic stability of mammalian cells. Three papers have recently associated mutations in putative human SSBR genes with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia. The emerging links between SSBR and neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.

What is single strand repair?

What causes single or double-strand break in the DNA due to generation of free radicals?

Ionizing radiation (X-rays) initiates DNA mutations by generating free radicals within the cell that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result in single-strand and double-strand breaks in the double helix.