What are incretin based therapy?

Incretin-based therapies are effective glucose-lowering drugs that have an increasing role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of their efficacy, safety, and ease of use.

What is incretin in diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitus Incretins are a group of GI hormones that increase insulin release from beta cells in the pancreas. They also inhibit glucagon secretion and slow absorption of carbohydrates.

How do incretins increase insulin secretion?

Glucose in the small intestine stimulates incretin release. Incretins are carried through the circulation to their target tissue: the pancreatic β-cells. Incretin stimulation of β-cells causes them to secrete more insulin in response to the same amount of blood glucose.

What are the side effects of incretin therapies?

Possible side effects of incretin mimetics include:

  • diarrhoea.
  • nausea.
  • vomiting.
  • headaches.
  • dizziness.
  • increased sweating.
  • indigestion.
  • constipation.

What is the function of incretin?

Incretins are gut hormones that are secreted from enteroendocrine cells into the blood within minutes after eating. One of their many physiological roles is to regulate the amount of insulin that is secreted after eating.

What is the incretin effect in type 2 diabetes?

Summary. The incretin effect describes the phenomenon whereby oral glucose elicits higher insulin secretory responses than does intravenous glucose, despite inducing similar levels of glycaemia, in healthy individuals.

Why is the incretin effect important?

The incretin effect, the amplification of insulin secretion occurring when glucose is taken in orally as compared to infused intravenously, is one of the factors that help the body to tolerate carbohydrate/glucose ingestion.

What is the role of incretins?

What is the action of incretin?

Summary. The incretins are peptide hormones secreted from the gut in response to food. They increase the secretion of insulin. The incretin response is reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes, so drugs acting on incretins may improve glycaemic control.

Is metformin an incretin?

Interestingly, these incretin-sensitising effects of metformin appear to be mediated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-dependent pathway, as opposed to the more commonly ascribed pathway of metformin action involving AMP-activated protein kinase.

How do incretins work?

Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. Incretins are released after eating and augment the secretion of insulin released from pancreatic beta cells of the islets of Langerhans by a blood glucose-dependent mechanism.

Can incretin lower blood sugar?

Since 2005, two new classes of drugs based on incretin action have been approved for lowering blood glucose levels in T2DM: an incretin mimetic (exenatide, which is a potent long-acting agonist of the GLP-1 receptor) and an incretin enhancer (sitagliptin, which is a DPP4 inhibitor).