How is palmitate synthesized?

FA synthesis starts with citrate conversion to acetyl-CoA and then malonyl-CoA, which is then elongated to form palmitate and other FA. Key enzymes in this process are acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which catalyzes the DNL limiting step reaction, and the FA synthase (FAS).

How is palmitic acid synthesized?

It is formed by carboxylation of acetyl CoA by an enzyme called acetyl CoA carboxylase. This enzyme is a ATP dependent and requires biotin as a cofactor. Reactions which are catalyzed by Fatty Acid Synthase complex to form long chain fatty acid called Palmitic acid/Palmitate.

What enzyme releases palmitate when it is synthesized?

In de novo fatty acid synthesis, malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is the substrate that provides the primary carbon source for the formation of palmitate (C16) catalyzed by fatty acid synthase (FASN). Malonyl-CoA acts also as an allosteric inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) and therefore fatty acid oxidation.

How is fatty acid synthesized?

In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

What are the steps of beta-oxidation of palmitic acid?

Beta oxidation takes place in four steps: dehydrogenation, hydration, oxidation and thyolisis. Each step is catalyzed by a distinct enzyme. Briefly, each cycle of this process begins with an acyl-CoA chain and ends with one acetyl-CoA, one FADH2, one NADH and water, and the acyl-CoA chain becomes two carbons shorter.

What types of reactions make up the 4 basic steps of β-oxidation?

Where is fatty acid synthesized?

cytoplasm
Synthesis of fatty acids occurs in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and is chemically similar to the beta-oxidation process, but with a couple of key differences. The first of these occur in preparing substrates for the reactions that grow the fatty acid.

What is palmitic acid oxidation?

The complete degradation of 1 mol of palmitic acid requires the β-oxidation reactions to be repeated seven times. Thus, 7 mol of NADH and 7 mol of FADH2 are produced. Reoxidation of these compounds through respiration yields 3 and 2 mol of ATP, respectively.