How does VSD affect the myocardium?

A VSD allows oxygenated blood to mix with deoxygenated blood, causing increased blood pressure and increased blood flow in the lung arteries. This results in increased work for the heart and lungs. VSDs may be various sizes, and they can be present in several locations in the wall between the ventricles.

Can VSD cause myocardial infarction?

VSD is a rare but lethal complication of myocardial infarction (MI), it is also referred to as a ventricular septal rupture (VSR). A VSR after MI is uncommon and occurs only 1-2% of the time [1]. The event occurs 2-8 days after an infarction and often leads to cardiogenic shock.

What area of the heart is affected by VSD?

A ventricular septal defect (pronounced ven·tric·u·lar sep·tal de·fect) (VSD) is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This wall also is called the ventricular septum.

What happens to cardiac output with VSD?

Abstract. Children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) often demonstrate failure to thrive (FTT). Such patients usually have reduced systemic cardiac output which has been postulated as a cause for their growth retardation.

What would happen to the myocardium of Caleb’s right ventricle as a result of his VSD?

Caleb’s systemic cardiac output would be reduced since blood is flowing into the right ventricle instead of the aorta. One of the problems that worried Tiffaney was that Caleb seemed to be breathing too hard all the time. Let’s consider how this symptom is related to his heart defect.

Why does VSD cause left ventricular hypertrophy?

Left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy results from the volume overload. Left-sided congestive heart failure can develop. Aortic insufficiency can also occur due to lack of aortic valve support from the position of the VSD.

Can VSD cause chest pain?

Symptoms may include chest pain, difficulty breathing (dyspnea) after physical exertion, and episodes of fainting. Other symptoms may include the coughing up of blood from the lungs (hemoptysis) and abnormally low levels of oxygen in the circulating blood (hypoxia).

What causes VSD heart defect?

The most common cause of a VSD is a congenital heart defect, which is a defect from birth. Some people are born with holes already present in their heart. They may cause no symptoms and take years to diagnose. A rare cause of a VSD is severe blunt trauma to the chest.

What is muscular VSD?

The most common type, termed a muscular VSD, is formed when the muscle of the wall fails to completely seal. The majority of muscular VSD’s are very small and rarely of any physiologic consequence. Less common types of VSD’s include membranous, inlet and outlet types.

What is associated with VSD?

VSDs are frequently isolated; however, they can occur in association with other congenital heart defects such as atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, right aortic arch, and pulmonic stenosis.

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium?

the left ventricle
The myocardium of the left ventricle, which must drive blood out into the systemic circulation, is, therefore, thickest; the myocardium of the right ventricle, which propels blood to the lungs, is moderately thickened, while the atrial walls are relatively thin.