How does thalassemia cause osteoporosis?

The delay in sexual maturation, the presence of diabetes and hypothyroidism, the parathyroid gland dysfunction, the accelerated hemopoiesis with progressive marrow expansion, the direct iron toxicity on osteoblasts, the iron chelators, the deficiency of growth hormone or insulin growth factors, all have been identified …

What is pathogenesis of osteoporosis?

The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is multifactorial and takes into account genetics, systemic factors such as deficiency or excess of certain hormones and environmental factors and their interaction. Perturbations in peak bone mass acquisition predisposes to osteoporosis later in life.

What is the management of osteoporosis?

How is osteoporosis treated? Treatments for established osteoporosis may include exercise, vitamin and mineral supplements, and medications. Exercise and supplementation are often suggested to help you prevent osteoporosis. Weight-bearing, resistance and balance exercises are all important.

How does thalassemia affect bones?

In cases of severe thalassemia, the following complications can occur: Bone deformities. Thalassemia can make your bone marrow expand, which causes your bones to widen. This can result in abnormal bone structure, especially in your face and skull.

Can thalassemia cause back pain?

The lower back is the most common site and can be particularly disabling and difficult to treat. Treatable causes, such as extramedullary masses or disc herniation or fractures, must be ruled out. Some adults experience increasing pain when the hemoglobin drops at the end of transfusion cycles.

Is osteoporosis caused by a pathogen?

Instead, current research has demonstrated that osteoporosis and osteopenia are often the direct result of infection with the Th1 pathogens, a metagenomic microbiotaThe community of bacterial pathogens including those in an intracellular and biofilm state which cause chronic disease., which produce inflammatory …

What is the difference between pathogenesis and pathophysiology?

The main difference between pathophysiology and pathogenesis is that pathophysiology describes the physiological process associated with a particular disease or injury whereas pathogenesis describes the development of the disease.

What is the most popular treatment for osteoporosis?

Bisphosphonates are usually the first choice for osteoporosis treatment. These include: Alendronate (Fosamax), a weekly pill. Risedronate (Actonel), a weekly or monthly pill.

What is the pathophysiology of thalassemia?

Thalassemia is a blood disorder that is caused by DNA mutations in cells that are responsible for producing hemoglobin. This leads to a reduction in the number and ability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body and can cause sufferers to feel symptoms such as fatigue.

Why does bone marrow expand in thalassemia?

Beta thalassemia major can cause the bone marrow, the spongy material within certain bones, to expand. Bone marrow is where most of the blood cells are produced in the body. The bone marrow expands because it is trying to compensate for chronic anemia.