How does diet affect hypothalamus?

Increased consumption of obesogenic diets high in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars leads to hypothalamic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction that causes obesity and metabolic disease.

What causes inflammation in the hypothalamus?

Some studies attribute the triggering of hypothalamic inflammation to, more especially, saturated fatty acids (SFA), especially long-chain SFA, due to their accumulation in the hypothalamus when consuming HFD, which could, among others, induce inflammatory signaling by activating the TLR4 pathway.

What role does the hypothalamus play in obesity?

The hypothalamus regulates body weight by precisely balancing the intake of food, energy expen- diture and body fat tissue. Orexigenic and anorexigenic hypothalamic centers (hyperphagia when impaired) play a central role, connecting to adipose tissue by means of an intricate efferent and afferent signals circuit.

Does weight loss affect hypothalamus?

More specifically, it damages the signaling pathways in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates metabolism. “The evidence is quite convincing – eating fattening foods causes inflammatory cells to go into the hypothalamus,” explains Aronne. “This overloads the neurons and causes neurological damage.”

What is diet induced inflammation?

There are 3 categories of diet-induced inflammatory reactions: allergy, autoimmune disease, and sensitivities. Of the 3, sensitivities are the most prevalent. Food and food-chemical sensitivities are a highly complex category of non-allergic (non-IgE), non-celiac inflammatory reactions.

How do you damage your hypothalamus?

Hypothalamic disease is a disorder presenting primarily in the hypothalamus, which may be caused by damage resulting from malnutrition, including anorexia and bulimia eating disorders, genetic disorders, radiation, surgery, head trauma, lesion, tumour or other physical injury to the hypothalamus.

How do you reduce inflammation of the hypothalamus?

Diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation is an important mechanism leading to dysfunction of neurons involved in controlling body mass. Studies have shown that polyunsaturated fats can reduce hypothalamic inflammation.

What can damage the hypothalamus?

Other causes include: Nutrition problems, such as eating disorders (anorexia), extreme weight loss. Blood vessel problems in the brain, such as aneurysm, pituitary apoplexy, subarachnoid hemorrhage. Genetic disorders, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, familial diabetes insipidus, Kallmann syndrome.

How does the hypothalamus control metabolism?

In particular, the hypothalamus, an important coordinator of the endocrine and the autonomic nervous system, has been considered a key brain area in regulating metabolism through the ability of neurons to sense, integrate, and respond to numerous metabolic signals, such as hormones, including leptin, ghrelin and …

How do you lose weight with hypothalamic obesity?

Gastric bypass surgery has also been found to help with weight loss and managing hunger in people with hypothalamic obesity. After surgery, the person loses weight. The body makes less insulin. The constant feelings of hunger are under better control.

How does the hypothalamus control body weight?

A major site of leptin receptors is in the hypothalamus, which is known to play an important role in control of food intake and metabolic rate. Plasma levels of leptin rise and fall in parallel with body fat content – as body fat mass increases, so does the concentration of leptin in blood.

How does a high-fat diet cause inflammation?

High-fat diets (HFDs) induce metabolic inflammation throughout the organism. The levels of endotoxins (e.g., LPS), circulating free fatty acids, and inflammatory mediators are increased in response to HFDs, resulting in low-grade systemic inflammation and altered homeostasis in many organs (see text).