How do you sort in COBOL program?

Syntax. SORT work-file ON ASCENDING KEY rec-key1 [ON DESCENDING KEY rec-key2] USING input-file GIVING output-file. Opens work-file in I-O mode, input-file in the INPUT mode and output-file in the OUTPUT mode. Transfers the records present in the input-file to the work-file.

How can we sort in COBOL and declaration?

The SORT statement creates a sort file by executing input procedures or by transferring records from another file, sorts the records in the sort file on a set of specified keys, and in the final phase of the sort operation, makes available each record from the sort file, in sorted order to some output procedures or to …

What is FD and SD in COBOL?

FD is a File Description level indicator that declares file characteristics. SD is the “Sort file Description level indicator” representing the file specified as a sort file.

What are internal sorting algorithm?

Internal Sorting : Sorting algorithms that use main memory exclusively during the sort are called internal sorting algorithms. This kind of algorithm assumes high-speed random access to all memory. Some of the common algorithms that use this sorting feature are : Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort., and Quick Sort.

What is internal and external sorting?

Internal sorting: If the input data is such that it can be adjusted in the main memory at once, it is called internal sorting. External sorting: If the input data is such that it cannot be adjusted in the memory entirely at once, it needs to be stored in a hard disk, floppy disk, or any other storage device.

What is SORT utility in JCL?

EXPLANATION 1. SORT FIELDS=COPY It is for copy records to output file 2. INREC FIELDS=(7:2,5,20:10,3) (for formatting) Here we have two formattings, 1. 7:2,5 – data at 2nd position of input file with length 5 copied to 7th position of output file 2.

What are the 4 divisions in COBOL?

, the statements, entires, paragraphs and sections of a COBOL source program are grouped into four divisions that are sequenced in the following order:

  • The Identification Division.
  • The Environment Division.
  • The Data Division.
  • The Procedure Division.

What is Comp 3 variables COBOL?

(also called “Computational-3”, “Packed Decimal”, or “Packed”) COBOL Comp-3 is a binary field type that puts (“packs”) two digits into each byte, using a notation called Binary Coded Decimal, or BCD. This halves the storage requirements compared to a character, or COBOL “display”, field.

What are the 5 Classification of sorting?

The basic sorting techniques include – bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, bucket sort, heap sort, quick sort, radix sort etc.